Gene:
CYP2C19
cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 19

Available Prescribing Info

Dosing Guidelines
  1. Annotation of CPIC Guideline for amitriptyline and CYP2C19,CYP2D6
  2. Annotation of CPIC Guideline for clomipramine and CYP2C19,CYP2D6
  3. Annotation of CPIC Guideline for clopidogrel and CYP2C19
  4. Annotation of CPIC Guideline for doxepin and CYP2C19,CYP2D6
  5. Annotation of CPIC Guideline for imipramine and CYP2C19,CYP2D6
  6. Annotation of CPIC Guideline for sertraline and CYP2C19
  7. Annotation of CPIC Guideline for trimipramine and CYP2C19,CYP2D6
  8. Annotation of CPIC Guideline for voriconazole and CYP2C19
  9. Annotation of CPIC Guideline for citalopram,escitalopram and CYP2C19
  10. Annotation of DPWG Guideline for citalopram and CYP2C19
  11. Annotation of DPWG Guideline for clopidogrel and CYP2C19
  12. Annotation of DPWG Guideline for escitalopram and CYP2C19
  13. Annotation of DPWG Guideline for esomeprazole and CYP2C19
  14. Annotation of DPWG Guideline for imipramine and CYP2C19
  15. Annotation of DPWG Guideline for lansoprazole and CYP2C19
  16. Annotation of DPWG Guideline for moclobemide and CYP2C19
  17. Annotation of DPWG Guideline for omeprazole and CYP2C19
  18. Annotation of DPWG Guideline for pantoprazole and CYP2C19
  19. Annotation of DPWG Guideline for rabeprazole and CYP2C19
  20. Annotation of DPWG Guideline for sertraline and CYP2C19
  21. Annotation of DPWG Guideline for voriconazole and CYP2C19
last updated 03/15/2017

1. Annotation of CPIC Guideline for amitriptyline and CYP2C19,CYP2D6

Summary

The CPIC Dosing Guideline update for amitriptyline recommends an alternative drug for CYP2D6 ultrarapid or poor metabolizers and CYP2C19 ultrarapid, rapid or poor metabolizers. If amitriptyline is warranted, consider a 50% dose reduction in CYP2D6 or CYP2C19 poor metabolizers. For CYP2D6 intermediate metabolizers, a 25% dose reduction should be considered.

There's more of this guideline. Read more.

last updated 03/15/2017

2. Annotation of CPIC Guideline for clomipramine and CYP2C19,CYP2D6

Summary

Tricyclic antidepressants have comparable pharmacokinetic properties, it may be reasonable to apply the CPIC Dosing Guideline for amitriptyline and CYP2C19, CYP2D6 to other tricyclics including clomipramine. The CPIC Dosing Guideline update for amitriptyline recommends an alternative drug for CYP2D6 ultrarapid or poor metabolizers and CYP2C19 ultrarapid, rapid or poor metabolizers. If amitriptyline is warranted, consider a 50% dose reduction in CYP2D6 or CYP2C19 poor metabolizers. For CYP2D6 intermediate metabolizers, a 25% dose reduction should be considered.

There's more of this guideline. Read more.

last updated 03/15/2017

3. Annotation of CPIC Guideline for clopidogrel and CYP2C19

Summary

The CPIC Dosing Guideline for clopidogrel recommends an alternative antiplatelet therapy (e.g., prasugrel, ticagrelor) for CYP2C19 poor or intermediate metabolizers if there is no contraindication.

There's more of this guideline. Read more.

last updated 03/15/2017

4. Annotation of CPIC Guideline for doxepin and CYP2C19,CYP2D6

Summary

Tricyclic antidepressants have comparable pharmacokinetic properties, it may be reasonable to apply the CPIC Dosing Guideline for amitriptyline and CYP2C19, CYP2D6 to other tricyclics including doxepin. The CPIC Dosing Guideline update for amitriptyline recommends an alternative drug for CYP2D6 ultrarapid or poor metabolizers and CYP2C19 ultrarapid, rapid or poor metabolizers. If amitriptyline is warranted, consider a 50% dose reduction in CYP2D6 or CYP2C19 poor metabolizers. For CYP2D6 intermediate metabolizers, a 25% dose reduction should be considered.

There's more of this guideline. Read more.

last updated 03/15/2017

5. Annotation of CPIC Guideline for imipramine and CYP2C19,CYP2D6

Summary

Tricyclic antidepressants have comparable pharmacokinetic properties, it may be reasonable to apply the CPIC Dosing Guideline for amitriptyline and CYP2C19, CYP2D6 to other tricyclics including imipramine. The CPIC Dosing Guideline update for amitriptyline recommends an alternative drug for CYP2D6 ultrarapid or poor metabolizers and CYP2C19 ultrarapid, rapid or poor metabolizers. If amitriptyline is warranted, consider a 50% dose reduction in CYP2D6 or CYP2C19 poor metabolizers. For CYP2D6 intermediate metabolizers, a 25% dose reduction should be considered.

There's more of this guideline. Read more.

last updated 03/15/2017

6. Annotation of CPIC Guideline for sertraline and CYP2C19

Summary

The CPIC Dosing Guideline for the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline recommends to consider a 50% reduction of recommended starting dose and titrate to response or select alternative drug not predominantly metabolized by CYP2C19 for CYP2C19 poor metabolizers.

There's more of this guideline. Read more.

last updated 03/15/2017

7. Annotation of CPIC Guideline for trimipramine and CYP2C19,CYP2D6

Summary

Tricyclic antidepressants have comparable pharmacokinetic properties, it may be reasonable to apply the CPIC Dosing Guideline for amitriptyline and CYP2C19, CYP2D6 to other tricyclics including trimipramine. The CPIC Dosing Guideline update for amitriptyline recommends an alternative drug for CYP2D6 ultrarapid or poor metabolizers and CYP2C19 ultrarapid, rapid or poor metabolizers. If amitriptyline is warranted, consider a 50% dose reduction in CYP2D6 or CYP2C19 poor metabolizers. For CYP2D6 intermediate metabolizers, a 25% dose reduction should be considered.

There's more of this guideline. Read more.

last updated 03/15/2017

8. Annotation of CPIC Guideline for voriconazole and CYP2C19

Summary

The CPIC dosing guideline for voriconazole recommends selecting an alternative agent that is not dependent on CYP2C19 metabolism in adults who are CYP2C19 ultrarapid metabolizers, rapid metabolizers or poor metabolizers. In pediatric patients, an alternative agent should be used in patients who are ultrarapid metabolizers or poor metabolizers. In pediatric rapid metabolizers, therapy should be initiated at recommended standard case dosing, then therapeutic dosing monitoring should be used to titrate dose to therapeutic trough concentrations.

There's more of this guideline. Read more.

last updated 03/15/2017

9. Annotation of CPIC Guideline for citalopram,escitalopram and CYP2C19

Summary

The CPIC Dosing Guideline for the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors citalopram and escitalopram recommends an alternative drug not predominantly metabolized by CYP2C19 for CYP2C19 ultrarapid metabolizers. For CYP2C19 poor metabolizers, consider a 50% reduction of recommended starting dose and titrate to response or select alternative drug not predominantly metabolized by CYP2C19.

There's more of this guideline. Read more.

last updated 08/10/2011

10. Annotation of DPWG Guideline for citalopram and CYP2C19

Summary

For CYP2C19 ultrarapid metabolizers, monitor citalopram plasma concentration and titrate dose to a maximum of 150% in response to efficacy and adverse drug event, or select an alternative drug.

There's more of this guideline. Read more.

last updated 08/10/2011

11. Annotation of DPWG Guideline for clopidogrel and CYP2C19

Summary

The Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group Guideline for clopidogrel recommends to consider an alternative drug for CYP2C19 poor or intermediate metabolizers, because of increased risk for reduced response to clopidogrel. Prasugrel might be associated with an increased bleeding risk compared to clopidogrel.

There's more of this guideline. Read more.

last updated 08/10/2011

14. Annotation of DPWG Guideline for imipramine and CYP2C19

Summary

The Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group Guideline for imipramine recommends to reduce the dose by 30% in CYP2C19 poor metabolizers, and monitor the plasma concentration of imipramine and desipramine or select alternative drug. For CYP2C19 intermediate metabolizers, select an alternative drug.

There's more of this guideline. Read more.

last updated 08/10/2011

20. Annotation of DPWG Guideline for sertraline and CYP2C19

Summary

Reduce sertraline dose by 50% for patients with CYP2C19 poor metabolizer genotypes (PM), and be extra alert to adverse drug events in patients with CYP2C19 intermediate metabolizer genotypes (IM).

There's more of this guideline. Read more.

Annotated Labels

  1. Annotation of FDA Label for brivaracetam and CYP2C19
  2. Annotation of FDA Label for carisoprodol and CYP2C19
  3. Annotation of FDA Label for citalopram and CYP2C19,CYP2D6
  4. Annotation of FDA Label for clobazam and CYP2C19
  5. Annotation of FDA Label for clopidogrel and CYP2C19
  6. Annotation of FDA Label for dexlansoprazole and CYP2C19
  7. Annotation of FDA Label for diazepam and CYP2C19
  8. Annotation of FDA Label for doxepin and CYP2C19,CYP2D6
  9. Annotation of FDA Label for enzalutamide and CYP2C19,CYP2C8,CYP2C9,CYP3A4
  10. Annotation of FDA Label for escitalopram and CYP2C19,CYP2D6
  11. Annotation of FDA Label for esomeprazole and CYP2C19
  12. Annotation of FDA Label for flibanserin and CYP2C19,CYP2C9,CYP2D6
  13. Annotation of FDA Label for lacosamide and CYP2C19
  14. Annotation of FDA Label for lansoprazole and CYP2C19
  15. Annotation of FDA Label for nelfinavir and CYP2C19,CYP3A
  16. Annotation of FDA Label for omeprazole and CYP2C19
  17. Annotation of FDA Label for pantoprazole and CYP2C19
  18. Annotation of FDA Label for phenytoin and CYP2C19,CYP2C9,HLA-B
  19. Annotation of FDA Label for prasugrel and CYP2B6,CYP2C19,CYP2C9,CYP3A5
  20. Annotation of FDA Label for rabeprazole and CYP2C19
  21. Annotation of FDA Label for ticagrelor and CYP2C19
  22. Annotation of FDA Label for voriconazole and CYP2C19
  23. Annotation of FDA Label for drospirenone,ethinyl estradiol and CYP2C19
  24. Annotation of EMA Label for atazanavir and CYP2C19
  25. Annotation of EMA Label for axitinib and CYP2C19,UGT1A1
  26. Annotation of EMA Label for clopidogrel and CYP2C19
  27. Annotation of EMA Label for esomeprazole and CYP2C19
  28. Annotation of EMA Label for prasugrel and CYP2C19
  29. Annotation of EMA Label for ticagrelor and CYP2C19
  30. Annotation of EMA Label for voriconazole and CYP2C19,CYP2C9,CYP3A4
  31. Annotation of PMDA Label for atazanavir and CYP2C19
  32. Annotation of PMDA Label for clopidogrel and CYP2C19
  33. Annotation of PMDA Label for escitalopram and CYP2C19,CYP2D6
  34. Annotation of PMDA Label for omeprazole and CYP2C19
  35. Annotation of PMDA Label for rabeprazole and CYP2C19
  36. Annotation of PMDA Label for voriconazole and CYP2C19
  37. Annotation of HCSC Label for atazanavir and CYP2C19
  38. Annotation of HCSC Label for brivaracetam and CYP2C19
  39. Annotation of HCSC Label for citalopram and CYP2C19
  40. Annotation of HCSC Label for clopidogrel and CYP2C19
  41. Annotation of HCSC Label for dexlansoprazole and CYP2C19
  42. Annotation of HCSC Label for esomeprazole and CYP2C19
  43. Annotation of HCSC Label for omeprazole and CYP2C19
  44. Annotation of HCSC Label for rabeprazole and CYP2C19
  45. Annotation of HCSC Label for voriconazole and CYP2C19
last updated 10/25/2013

2. Annotation of FDA Label for carisoprodol and CYP2C19

On FDA Biomarker List
Actionable PGx

Summary

Carisoprodol (SOMA) should be used with caution in patients with reduced CYP2C19 activity. Published studies indicate that patients who are poor CYP2C19 metabolizers have a 4-fold increase in exposure to carisoprodol and a 50% decreased exposure to meprobamate (a metabolite of carisoprodol) compared to normal CYP2C19 metabolizers.

There's more of this label. Read more.

last updated 10/25/2013

3. Annotation of FDA Label for citalopram and CYP2C19,CYP2D6

On FDA Biomarker List
Actionable PGx

Summary

The FDA-approved drug label recommends a maximum dose of 20 mg/day of citalopram (Celexa) in patients who are CYP2C19 poor metabolizers, due to an increase in citalopram exposure. This increased exposure leads to a greater risk for QT prolongation, a potentially fatal abnormality in the heart's electrical activity.

There's more of this label. Read more.

last updated 10/25/2013

4. Annotation of FDA Label for clobazam and CYP2C19

On FDA Biomarker List
Actionable PGx

Summary

In patients known to be CYP2C19 poor metabolizers, the drug label states that the initial dose of clobazam (ONFI) should be 5 mg/day. Patients can be titrated initially to 10 - 20 mg/day, and then titrated further to a maximum daily dose of 40 mg, if tolerated. This is due to an increase in levels of N-desmethylclobazam, the active metabolite of clobazam.

There's more of this label. Read more.

last updated 10/03/2016

5. Annotation of FDA Label for clopidogrel and CYP2C19

On FDA Biomarker List
Actionable PGx

Summary

The FDA-approved drug label for clopidogrel (Plavix) warns that patients who are CYP2C19 poor metabolizers may have diminished effectiveness of the drug as compared to patients with normal CYP2C19 function. The drug label suggests that a different platelet P2Y12 inhibitor be used in patients identified as CYP2C19 poor metabolizers.

There's more of this label. Read more.

last updated 10/25/2013

7. Annotation of FDA Label for diazepam and CYP2C19

On FDA Biomarker List
Actionable PGx

Summary

The FDA-approved drug label for diazepam (Diastat) notes that the drug is metabolized by CYP2C19 and CYP3A4, and that inter-individual variation in clearance of the drug is likely attributable to CYP2C19 or CYP3A4 genetic variability.

There's more of this label. Read more.

last updated 10/25/2013

8. Annotation of FDA Label for doxepin and CYP2C19,CYP2D6

On FDA Biomarker List
Actionable PGx

Summary

Doxepin is primarily metabolized by hepatic cytochrome P450 isozymes CYP2C19 and CYP2D6. The drug label notes that CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 poor metabolizers have higher than expected plasma concentrations of doxepin when given typical doses. Additionally, inhibitors of these CYP isozymes may increase the exposure of doxepin.

There's more of this label. Read more.

10. Annotation of FDA Label for escitalopram and CYP2C19,CYP2D6

On FDA Biomarker List
Actionable PGx

Summary

The FDA-approved drug label for escitalopram (Lexapro) notes that escitalopram exposure under a supratherapeutic 30 mg dose is similar to the steady state concentrations expected in CYP2C19 poor metabolizers following a therapeutic dose of 20 mg. The label also comments on the relationship between CYP2D6 and escitalopram.

There's more of this label. Read more.

last updated 10/25/2013

11. Annotation of FDA Label for esomeprazole and CYP2C19

On FDA Biomarker List
Actionable PGx

Summary

The FDA-approved drug label for esomeprazole (NEXIUM) notes that individuals who are CYP2C19 poor metabolizers may have double the steady state area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of esomeprazole compared to extensive metabolizers.

There's more of this label. Read more.

last updated 03/15/2017

12. Annotation of FDA Label for flibanserin and CYP2C19,CYP2C9,CYP2D6

On FDA Biomarker List
Actionable PGx

Summary

The FDA-approved drug label for flibanserin (ADDYI) states that poor metabolizers of CYP2C19 had increased exposure to the drug as compared to extensive metabolizers. One subject who was a poor metabolizer experienced syncope. The label also notes the influence of CYP2D6 and CYP2C9 on flibanserin exposure.

There's more of this label. Read more.

13. Annotation of FDA Label for lacosamide and CYP2C19

On FDA Biomarker List
Informative PGx

Summary

The FDA-approved drug label for lacosamide states that plasma concentrations of the lacosamide O-desmethyl metabolite were reduced by approximately 70% in CYP2C19 poor metabolizers (PMs) as compared to extensive metabolizers (EMs). However, it also states that there are no clinically relevant differences in lacosamide pharmacokinetics between PMs and EMs.

There's more of this label. Read more.

last updated 10/25/2013

14. Annotation of FDA Label for lansoprazole and CYP2C19

On FDA Biomarker List
Informative PGx

Summary

Lansoprazole delayed-release capsules are metabolized mainly by CYP3A and CYP2C19 isozymes. Concomitant administration of lansoprazole and tacrolimus may increase whole blood levels of tacrolimus, especially in transplant patients who are intermediate or poor metabolizers of CYP2C19

There's more of this label. Read more.

last updated 10/25/2013

15. Annotation of FDA Label for nelfinavir and CYP2C19,CYP3A

Informative PGx

Summary

Coadministration of VIRACEPT with drugs primarily metabolized by CYP3A may result in increased plasma concentrations of the other drug that could prolong its therapeutic and adverse effects. Coadministration of VIRACEPT and drugs that induce CYP3A or CYP2C19 may decrease nelfinavir plasma concentrations and reduce its therapeutic effect. Coadministration of VIRACEPT and drugs that inhibit CYP3A or CYP2C19 may increase nelfinavir plasma concentrations.

There's more of this label. Read more.

last updated 10/25/2013

17. Annotation of FDA Label for pantoprazole and CYP2C19

On FDA Biomarker List
Actionable PGx

Summary

Pantoprazole is metabolized mainly by CYP2C19 and to minor extents by CYPs 3A4, 2D6, and 2C9. The FDA-approved drug label for pantoprazole (PROTONIX) states that pediatric patients who are CYP2C19 poor metabolizers have greater than a 6-fold increase in AUC and 10-fold lower clearance as compared to extensive metabolizers.

There's more of this label. Read more.

last updated 10/25/2013

18. Annotation of FDA Label for phenytoin and CYP2C19,CYP2C9,HLA-B

On FDA Biomarker List
Actionable PGx

Summary

A strong association between the risk of developing SJS/TEN and the presence of HLA-B*1502, an inherited allelic variant of the HLA B gene, in patients using carbamazepine. Limited evidence suggests that HLAB*1502 may be a risk factor for the development of SJS/TEN in patients of Asian ancestry taking other antiepileptic drugs associated with SJS/TEN, including phenytoin. Consideration should be given to avoiding phenytoin as an alternative for carbamazepine in patients positive for HLA-B*1502.

There's more of this label. Read more.

last updated 10/25/2013

20. Annotation of FDA Label for rabeprazole and CYP2C19

On FDA Biomarker List
Actionable PGx

Summary

Rabeprazole is metabolized in the liver primarily by cytochromes P450 3A (CYP3A) and cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19). Patients with the CYP2C19 poor metabolizer genotypes may have slower rabeprazole metabolism and increased suppression of gastric acid as compared to more extensive metabolizers.

There's more of this label. Read more.

last updated 03/16/2017

21. Annotation of FDA Label for ticagrelor and CYP2C19

On FDA Biomarker List
Informative PGx

Summary

Ticagrelor is a platelet inhibitor used to reduce the risk of thrombotic cardiovascular events for patients with acute coronary syndrome. The FDA-approved drug label notes that thrombotic cardiovascular events did not depend on CYP2C19 loss of function status.

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last updated 10/25/2013

22. Annotation of FDA Label for voriconazole and CYP2C19

On FDA Biomarker List
Actionable PGx

Summary

Voriconazole is an antifungal used to treat serious infections of Aspergillus fumigatu, Candida, Scedosporium, Fusarium and other species. Voriconazole is metabolized in the liver by CYP2C19, CYP2C9 and CYP3A4. It also influences expression of metabolizing enzymes and interacts with several other drugs.

There's more of this label. Read more.

last updated 07/14/2014

23. Annotation of FDA Label for drospirenone,ethinyl estradiol and CYP2C19

On FDA Biomarker List
Informative PGx

Summary

The FDA-approved drug label for drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol (Yaz) notes that in vitro studies showed an inhibitory effect of drospirenone on the turnover of model substrates of CYP1A1, CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4. However, in vivo studies using omeprazole as a marker substrate showed that drospirenone has little propensity to interact to a significant extent with cytochrome P450 enzymes at a clinical dose level.

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last updated 09/16/2014

24. Annotation of EMA Label for atazanavir and CYP2C19

Testing recommended

Summary

The EMA European Public Assessment Report (EPAR) for atazanavir (Reyataz) contains pharmacogenetic information related to co-treatment with voriconazole and ritonavir: atazanavir exposure is expected to be decreased and voriconazole exposure is expected to be increased in patients who do not have a functional CYP2C19 allele. The EPAR states that at the time of voriconazole treatment, a test for CYP2C19 genotype should be performed if feasible, and provides therapeutic recommendations based on CYP2C19 genotype.

There's more of this label. Read more.

last updated 09/12/2014

25. Annotation of EMA Label for axitinib and CYP2C19,UGT1A1

Informative PGx

Summary

The EMA European Public Assessment Report (EPAR) for axitinib contains pharmacogenetic information related to there being no clinically relevant effects of UGT1A1 genotype or CYP2C19 genotype on axitinib pharmacokinetics.

There's more of this label. Read more.

last updated 10/25/2013

26. Annotation of EMA Label for clopidogrel and CYP2C19

Actionable PGx

Summary

The EMA European Public Assessment Report (EPAR) contains information regarding a diminished response to clopidogrel in CYP2C19 poor metabolizers. It also precautions the use of concomitant drugs that are CYP2C19 inhibitors.

There's more of this label. Read more.

last updated 05/08/2014

27. Annotation of EMA Label for esomeprazole and CYP2C19

Informative PGx

Summary

The EMA European Public Assessment Report (EPAR) for esomeprazole (Nexium Control) notes that CYP2C19 poor metabolizers have higher plasma concentrations of the drug compared to extensive metabolizers, but there are no implications for dosing.

There's more of this label. Read more.

last updated 10/27/2013

28. Annotation of EMA Label for prasugrel and CYP2C19

Informative PGx

Summary

The EMA European Public Assessment Report (EPAR) for prasugrel (Efient) contains information regarding the lack of effect of genetic variants in the CYP3A5, CYP2B6, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 genes on the pharmacokinetics of prasugrel or response.

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last updated 10/29/2013

29. Annotation of EMA Label for ticagrelor and CYP2C19

Actionable PGx

Summary

The EMA European Public Assessment Report (EPAR) for ticagrelor (Brilique) contains information regarding a study in which CYP2C19 and ABCB1 genotyping was carried out (PLATO - platelet inhibition and patient outcomes). In patients with one or more CYP2C19 loss of function allele, non-coronary artery by-pass grafting (non-CABG) PLATO major bleeding was increased when treated with ticagrelor compared to clopidogrel, but was similar in patients with no loss of function alleles.

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last updated 08/06/2014

30. Annotation of EMA Label for voriconazole and CYP2C19,CYP2C9,CYP3A4

Informative PGx

Summary

The EMA European Public Assessment Report (EPAR) for voriconazole (VFEND) does not contain pharmacogenetic information. It contains warning information regarding the co-administration of drugs that are substrates, inhibitors or activators of CYP3A4, CYP2C9 or CYP2C19 due to drug-drug interactions.

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31. Annotation of PMDA Label for atazanavir and CYP2C19

Actionable PGx

Summary

The PMDA package insert for atazanavir (Reyataz) contains pharmacogenetic information related to co-treatment with voriconazole and ritonavir: atazanavir exposure is expected to be decreased and voriconazole exposure is expected to be increased in patients who are CYP2C19 poor metabolizers.

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33. Annotation of PMDA Label for escitalopram and CYP2C19,CYP2D6

Actionable PGx

Summary

The PMDA package insert for escitalopram notes that the recommended maximum dose is 10 mg in patients with genetically absent CYP2C19 activity (poor metabolizers), due to an increased risk for developing QT prolongation and other side effects from the increased plasma concentrations.

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35. Annotation of PMDA Label for rabeprazole and CYP2C19

Actionable PGx

Summary

The PMDA package insert for rabeprazole states that CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 are involved in the metabolism of the drug, and provides data showing that CYP2C19 poor metabolizers have increased Cmax, AUC and half-life time as compared to extensive metabolizers.

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36. Annotation of PMDA Label for voriconazole and CYP2C19

Actionable PGx

Summary

The PMDA package insert for voriconazole (VFEND) notes that it is metabolized by CYP2C19 (as well as CYP2C9 and CYP3A4) and provides tables showing the difference in pharmacokinetic metrics between extensive metabolizers (EM), intermediate metabolizers (also known as heterozygous extensive metabolizers (HEM)) and poor metabolizers (PM) in adults and pediatrics.

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37. Annotation of HCSC Label for atazanavir and CYP2C19

Informative PGx

Summary

The HCSC for atazanavir (Reyataz) contains pharmacogenetic information related to co-treatment with voriconazole and ritonavir: atazanavir exposure is expected to be decreased and voriconazole exposure is expected to be increased in patients who do not have a functional CYP2C19 allele.

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39. Annotation of HCSC Label for citalopram and CYP2C19

Actionable PGx

Summary

The product monograph for citalopram recommends that patients who are CYP2C19 poor metabolizers receive an initial dose of 10 mg daily during the first two weeks of treatment, and should not receive a dose of greater than 20 mg/day. However, it makes no statements regarding genetic testing of CYP2C19 prior to treatment.

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40. Annotation of HCSC Label for clopidogrel and CYP2C19

Actionable PGx

Summary

The product monograph for clopidogrel (PLAVIX) states that CYP2C19 poor metabolizers may be at increased risk for experiencing cardiovascular events when taking the drug at recommended doses as compared to normal CYP2C19 metabolizers, and that an alternative treatment or treatment strategies should be considered in these patients.

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42. Annotation of HCSC Label for esomeprazole and CYP2C19

Informative PGx

Summary

The product monograph for esomeprazole states that CYP2C19 poor metabolizers have increased concentrations of the drug as compared to the rest of the population, but that dosage adjustment based on CYP2C19 genotype is not necessary.

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43. Annotation of HCSC Label for omeprazole and CYP2C19

Informative PGx

Summary

The product monograph for omeprazole (LOSEC) states that CYP2C19 poor metabolizers have higher plasma concentrations of the drug as compared to extensive metabolizers. However, the monograph also notes that this has no implication on dosing of omeprazole.

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45. Annotation of HCSC Label for voriconazole and CYP2C19

Actionable PGx

Summary

The product monograph for voriconazole notes that CYP2C19 poor metabolizers have, on average, 4-fold higher exposure to the drug as compared to extensive metabolizers. However, the product monograph does not make any statements regarding genetic testing of CYP2C19 prior to treatment.

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Clinical Variants that meet the highest level of criteria, manually curated by PharmGKB, are shown below. Please follow the link in the "Position" column for more information about a particular variant. Each link in the "Position" column leads to the corresponding PharmGKB Variant Page. The Variant Page contains summary data, including PharmGKB manually curated information about variant-drug pairs based on individual PubMed publications. The PMIDs for these PubMed publications can be found on the Variant Page.

To see more Clinical Variants with lower levels of criteria, click the button at the bottom of the table.

Clinical Annotation for CYP2C19*1, CYP2C19*10, CYP2C19*11, CYP2C19*13, CYP2C19*14, CYP2C19*15, CYP2C19*16, CYP2C19*18, CYP2C19*19, CYP2C19*22, CYP2C19*23, CYP2C19*24, CYP2C19*25, CYP2C19*26, CYP2C19*28, CYP2C19*9, clopidogrel (level 4 Metabolism/PK)

Level of Evidence
Level 4
Type
Metabolism/PK
Variant
*1, *10, *11, *13, *14, *15, *16, *18, *19, *22, *23, *24, *25, *26, *28, *9
Genes
CYP2C19
OMB Race
Unknown
Race Notes
based on in-vitro studies

To see the rest of this clinical annotation please register or sign in.

Clinical Annotation for CYP2C19*1, CYP2C19*10, CYP2C19*11, CYP2C19*13, CYP2C19*14, CYP2C19*15, CYP2C19*16, CYP2C19*18, CYP2C19*19, CYP2C19*22, CYP2C19*23, CYP2C19*24, CYP2C19*25, CYP2C19*26, CYP2C19*5, CYP2C19*6, CYP2C19*8, CYP2C19*9, mephenytoin (level 4 Metabolism/PK)

Level of Evidence
Level 4
Type
Metabolism/PK
Variant
*1, *10, *11, *13, *14, *15, *16, *18, *19, *22, *23, *24, *25, *26, *5, *6, *8, *9
Genes
CYP2C19
OMB Race
Unknown
Race Notes
based on in-vitro studies

To see the rest of this clinical annotation please register or sign in.

Disclaimer: The PharmGKB's clinical annotations reflect expert consensus based on clinical evidence and peer-reviewed literature available at the time they are written and are intended only to assist clinicians in decision-making and to identify questions for further research. New evidence may have emerged since the time an annotation was submitted to the PharmGKB. The annotations are limited in scope and are not applicable to interventions or diseases that are not specifically identified.

The annotations do not account for individual variations among patients, and cannot be considered inclusive of all proper methods of care or exclusive of other treatments. It remains the responsibility of the health-care provider to determine the best course of treatment for a patient. Adherence to any guideline is voluntary, with the ultimate determination regarding its application to be made solely by the clinician and the patient. PharmGKB assumes no responsibility for any injury or damage to persons or property arising out of or related to any use of the PharmGKB clinical annotations, or for any errors or omissions.

? = Mouse-over for quick help

The table below contains information about pharmacogenomic variants on PharmGKB. Please follow the link in the "Variant" column for more information about a particular variant. Each link in the "Variant" column leads to the corresponding PharmGKB Variant Page. The Variant Page contains summary data, including PharmGKB manually curated information about variant-drug pairs based on individual PubMed publications. The PMIDs for these PubMed publications can be found on the Variant Page.

The tags in the first column of the table indicate what type of information can be found on the corresponding Variant Page on the appropriate tab.

Links in the "Drugs" column lead to PharmGKB Drug Pages.

List of all variant annotations for CYP2C19

Variant?
(147) 		Alternate Names ? Chemicals ? Alleles ?
(+ chr strand) 		Function ? Amino Acid?
Translation
No VIP available CA VA *1 N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available No VIP available VA *1A N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available No VIP available VA *1B N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available No VIP available VA *1C N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available CA VA *2 N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available No VIP available VA *2A N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available No VIP available VA *2B N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available No VIP available VA *2C N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available No VIP available VA *2D N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available CA VA *3 N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available No VIP available VA *3A N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available No VIP available VA *3B N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available CA VA *4 N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available CA VA *5 N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available No VIP available VA *5A N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available No VIP available VA *5B N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available CA VA *6 N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available CA VA *7 N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available CA VA *8 N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available CA VA *9 N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available CA VA *10 N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available CA VA *11 N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available No VIP available VA *12 N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available CA VA *13 N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available CA VA *14 N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available CA VA *15 N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available CA VA *16 N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available CA VA *17 N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available CA VA *18 N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available CA VA *19 N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available CA VA *22 N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available CA VA *23 N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available CA VA *24 N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available CA VA *25 N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available CA VA *26 N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available No VIP available VA *27 N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available CA VA *28 N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available No VIP available VA *29 N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available No VIP available VA *30 N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available No VIP available VA *31 N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available No VIP available VA *32 N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available No VIP available VA *33 N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available CA VA
rs11188072 NC_000010.10:g.96519061C>T, NC_000010.11:g.94759304C>T, NG_008384.2:g.1599C>T
C > T
 SNP
rs12248560 NC_000010.10:g.96521657C>T, NC_000010.11:g.94761900C>T, NG_008384.2:g.4195C>T, NM_000769.2:c.-806C>T, rs117093607, rs17442305, rs17879736
C > A
C > T
 SNP
No VIP available CA VA
rs12768009 NC_000010.10:g.96525865G>A, NC_000010.11:g.94766108G>A, NG_008384.2:g.8403G>A, NG_032466.1:g.8621C>T, NM_000769.1:c.168+3235G>A, NM_000769.2:c.168+3235G>A
G > A
 SNP
No VIP available No Clinical Annotations available VA
rs12769205 NC_000010.10:g.96535124A>G, NC_000010.11:g.94775367A>G, NG_008384.2:g.17662A>G, NM_000769.1:c.332-23A>G, NM_000769.2:c.332-23A>G, rs17882787, rs28969424
A > G
 SNP
No VIP available No Clinical Annotations available VA
rs145119820 NC_000010.10:g.96535152G>A, NC_000010.11:g.94775395G>A, NG_008384.2:g.17690G>A, NM_000769.1:c.337G>A, NM_000769.2:c.337G>A, NP_000760.1:p.Val113Ile
G > A
 SNP
V113I
No VIP available CA VA
rs28399504 NC_000010.10:g.96522463A>G, NC_000010.11:g.94762706A>G, NG_008384.2:g.5001A>G, NM_000769.1:c.1A>G, NM_000769.2:c.1A>G, NP_000760.1:p.Met1Val
A > G
 SNP
M1L/V
No VIP available CA VA
rs3814637 NC_000010.10:g.96521045C>T, NC_000010.11:g.94761288C>T, NG_008384.2:g.3583C>T, NM_000769.2:c.-1418C>T, rs11565103, rs117910415, rs17878465, rs58858251
C > G
C > T
 SNP
No VIP available No Clinical Annotations available VA
rs41291556 NC_000010.10:g.96535173T>C, NC_000010.11:g.94775416T>C, NG_008384.2:g.17711T>C, NM_000769.1:c.358T>C, NM_000769.2:c.358T>C, NP_000760.1:p.Trp120Arg
T > C
 SNP
W120R
rs4244285 NC_000010.10:g.96541616G>A, NC_000010.11:g.94781859G>A, NG_008384.2:g.24154G>A, NM_000769.1:c.681G>A, NM_000769.2:c.681G>A, NP_000760.1:p.Pro227=, rs116940633, rs17879456, rs60361278
G > A
 SNP
P227P
rs4986893 NC_000010.10:g.96540410G>A, NC_000010.11:g.94780653G>A, NG_008384.2:g.22948G>A, NM_000769.2:c.636G>A, NP_000760.1:p.Trp212Ter, rs52827375, rs57081121
G > A
 SNP
W212*
No VIP available No Clinical Annotations available VA
rs55948420 NC_000010.10:g.96609704G>A, NC_000010.11:g.94849947G>A, NG_008384.2:g.92242G>A, NM_000769.1:c.1180G>A, NM_000769.2:c.1180G>A, NP_000760.1:p.Val394Met
G > A
 SNP
V394M
Alleles, Functions, and Amino Acid Translations are all sourced from dbSNP 147

Overview

Alternate Names:  CYP2C
Alternate Symbols:  CPCJ; P450IIC19
PharmGKB Accession Id: PA124

Details

Cytogenetic Location: chr10 : q23.33 - q23.33
GP mRNA Boundary†: chr10 : 96522463 - 96612671
GP Gene Boundary†: chr10 : 96512463 - 96615671
Strand: plus

Visualization

UCSC has a Genome Browser that you can use to view PharmGKB annotations for this gene in context with many other sources of information.

View on UCSC Browser
† The mRNA boundaries are calculated using the gene's default feature set from NCBI, mapped onto the UCSC Golden Path. PharmGKB sets gene boundaries by expanding the mRNA boundaries by no less than 10,000 bases upstream (5') and 3,000 bases downstream (3') to allow for potential regulatory regions.

Introduction
The cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 19 (CYP2C19) gene is located within a cluster of cytochrome P450 genes (Centromere-CYP2C18-CYP2C19-CYP2C9-CYP2C8-Telomere) on chromosome 10q23.33. The CYP2C19 enzyme contributes to the metabolism of a large number of clinically relevant drugs and drug classes such as antidepressants [Article:15199661], benzodiazepines [Article:8148870], mephenytoin [Article:8195181], proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) [Article:15258107], and the antiplatelet prodrug clopidogrel [Article:16772608]. Like other CYP450 genes, inherited genetic variation in CYP2C19 and its variable hepatic expression contributes to interindividual phenotypic variability in CYP2C19-substrate metabolism. The CYP2C19 "poor metabolism" phenotype was initially discovered by studies on impaired mephenytoin metabolism and the major molecular defect responsible for the trait is the CYP2C19*2 (c.681G>A; rs4244285) loss-of-function allele [Article:8195181]. CYP2C19 genotype has since been shown to affect the metabolism of several drugs and clinical CYP2C19 genetic testing is currently available [Articles:21716271, 21412232].

Expression
CYP2C19 is predominantly expressed in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the small intestine [Article:10487415]. Constitutive expression of CYP2C19 is largely mediated by hepatic nuclear factors 4 alpha (HNF4alpha, HNF4A) and 3 gamma (HNF3gamma, FOXA3) [Articles:17827783, 17576804, 15130783], and transcriptional activation is mediated by the drug responsive nuclear receptors CAR (NR1I3), PXR (NR1I2), and GRalpha (NR3C1) [Articles:12869636, 11181490], suggesting regulation by endogenous hormones and by drugs such as rifampicin [Articles:2223426, 20086032]. In addition to rifampicin, human CYP2C19 can be induced by ritonavir, nelfinavir, hyperforin, St. John's wort, dexamethasone, and artemisinin [Article:19702536]. In vitro expression studies have recently shown that the GATA-4 (GATA4) transcription factor also upregulates CYP2C19 transcriptional activity by binding to two predicted GATA-specific promoter elements [Article:20206639]. Reduced CYP2C19 activity among women using steroid oral contraceptives results from transcriptional down-regulation of CYP2C19 expression through binding of ligand-activated estrogen receptor alpha to a specific ERE consensus half-site in the CYP2C19 promoter [Article:20675569].

Certain selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs; e.g., fluoxetine, fluvoxamine) [Articles:18691982, 8880055] and PPIs (e.g. omeprazole, and lansoprazole) [Articles:11309556, 9433390, 9224780] have an inhibitory effect on CYP2C19, which may cause drug-drug interactions with co-administered CYP2C19-metabolized drugs. For example, early studies suggested that omeprazole (a common PPI) diminished the pharmacodynamic antiplatelet effects of clopidogrel and increased corresponding cardiovascular risks [Articles:19258584, 18206732]. However, it is currently not clear if identified changes in ex vivo platelet aggregation due to concomitant omeprazole and clopidogrel administration translates into clinically meaningful outcome differences (for review see [Article:21126648]).

Clinical CYP2C19 Pharmacogenetic Testing
Although a number of genotyping technologies can be used to interrogate variant CYP2C19 alleles in Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)-approved laboratories, two genotyping platforms have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) at the time of this writing: the AmpliChipÿ® CYP450 Test (Roche Molecular Systems, Inc., Pleasanton, CA) that interrogates CYP2C19*2 and *3 (plus CYP2D6 variant alleles) and the Infinitiÿ® CYP2C19 Assay (AutoGenomics, Inc., Vista, CA) that interrogates CYP2C19*2, *3, and *17. For test interpretation and clopidogrel dosing suggestions, see the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guidelines for CYP2C19 genotype and clopidogrel therapy [Article:21716271]. Additionally, a recent clinical pharmacogenetics practice review provides dosing guidelines for clopidogrel and other CYP2C19-metabolized drugs [Article:21412232] and CYP2C19/CYP2D6 genotype-based antidepressant dosing recommendations have been previously reported [Article:11531654].

Citation PharmGKB summary: very important pharmacogene information for cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 19. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2011. Scott Stuart A, Sangkuhl Katrin, Shuldiner Alan R, Hulot Jean-Sébastien, Thorn Caroline F, Altman Russ B, Klein Teri E. PubMed
History

Submitted by Jason Robarge, Rebecca Fletcher, Anne Nguyen (COBRA), Caroline F. Thorn

Updated by Scott SA, Sangkuhl K, Shuldiner AR, Hulot JS, Thorn CF

Key Publications
  1. Association of cytochrome P450 2C19 genotype with the antiplatelet effect and clinical efficacy of clopidogrel therapy. JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association. 2009. Shuldiner Alan R, O'Connell Jeffrey R, Bliden Kevin P, Gandhi Amish, Ryan Kathleen, Horenstein Richard B, Damcott Coleen M, Pakyz Ruth, Tantry Udaya S, Gibson Quince, Pollin Toni I, Post Wendy, Parsa Afshin, Mitchell Braxton D, Faraday Nauder, Herzog William, Gurbel Paul A. PubMed
  2. Cytochrome p-450 polymorphisms and response to clopidogrel. The New England journal of medicine. 2009. Mega Jessica L, Close Sandra L, Wiviott Stephen D, Shen Lei, Hockett Richard D, Brandt John T, Walker Joseph R, Antman Elliott M, Macias William, Braunwald Eugene, Sabatine Marc S. PubMed
  3. Clinical significance of the cytochrome P450 2C19 genetic polymorphism. Clinical pharmacokinetics. 2002. Desta Zeruesenay, Zhao Xiaojiong, Shin Jae-Gook, Flockhart David A. PubMed
  4. A new genetic defect in human CYP2C19: mutation of the initiation codon is responsible for poor metabolism of S-mephenytoin. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. 1998. Ferguson R J, De Morais S M, Benhamou S, Bouchardy C, Blaisdell J, Ibeanu G, Wilkinson G R, Sarich T C, Wright J M, Dayer P, Goldstein J A. PubMed
  5. The major genetic defect responsible for the polymorphism of S-mephenytoin metabolism in humans. The Journal of biological chemistry. 1994. de Morais S M, Wilkinson G R, Blaisdell J, Nakamura K, Meyer U A, Goldstein J A. PubMed
  6. Evidence that CYP2C19 is the major (S)-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylase in humans. Biochemistry. 1994. Goldstein J A, Faletto M B, Romkes-Sparks M, Sullivan T, Kitareewan S, Raucy J L, Lasker J M, Ghanayem B I. PubMed
  7. Interethnic differences in genetic polymorphism of debrisoquin and mephenytoin hydroxylation between Japanese and Caucasian populations. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 1985. Nakamura K, Goto F, Ray W A, McAllister C B, Jacqz E, Wilkinson G R, Branch R A. PubMed
Variant Summaries rs12248560, rs4244285, rs4986893
Haplotype Summaries CYP2C19*3, CYP2C19*2, CYP2C19*17
Drugs
Pathways
Phenotypes Poor Metabolizer
Numbered footnotes are links to supporting evidence.

Haplotype Overview

Haplotypes in the "CYP2C19 Cytochrome P450 Nomenclature DB Haplotype Set" are derived from the Human Cytochrome P450 (CYP) Allele Nomenclature Database. The Human Cytochrome P450 (CYP) Allele Nomenclature Database states that nucleotide changes listed below are based on NCBI Reference Sequence NT_030059.13. Note that the nucleotide positions from the Human Cytochrome P450 (CYP) Allele Nomenclature Database do not directly match the given NCBI reference sequence. For questions about nucleotide positions, please contact the Human Cytochrome P450 (CYP) Allele Nomenclature Database directly, as they are the authoritative source on cytochrome P450 nomenclature.

PharmGKB has added some alleles below (e.g. the rows for *1 and *2), inserted for star alleles with subgroups (e.g. A, B etc). These rows reflect only the defining SNP for the star allele to accommodate how the star allele is referred to in the literature.

Haplotypes in the "CPIC CYP2C19 Haplotype Set" are from the CYP2C19 Allele definition table.

Last updated 10/26/16.

The Translational Pharmacogenetics Project (TPP) is a PGRN-led initiative with the goal to operationalize the work of CPIC by translating widely accepted actionable pharmacogenetics discoveries into real-world clinical practice. Download the TPP file for CYP2C19 here: CYP2C19 lookup table and CYP2C19 work flow document (updated 2 July 2014).

Source: PharmGKB

Download Translation Table

CYP2C19 Cytochrome P450 Nomenclature DB Haplotype Set

All alleles in the download file are on the positive chromosomal strand. PharmGKB considers the first haplotype listed in each table as the reference haplotype for that set.

PharmGKB Curated Pathways

Pathways created internally by PharmGKB based primarily on literature evidence.

  1. Atomoxetine Pathway, Pharmacokinetics
    Representation of the candidate genes involved in the metabolism of atomoxetine.
  1. Atorvastatin/Lovastatin/Simvastatin Pathway, Pharmacokinetics
    Drug-specific representation of the candidate genes involved in transport, metabolism and clearance.
  1. Benzodiazepine Pathway, Pharmacokinetics
    Diagrammatic representation of the metabolism of different benzodiazepine drugs by candidate genes.
  1. Carbamazepine Pathway, Pharmacokinetics
    Stylized liver cell depicting candidate genes involved in the pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine.
  1. Citalopram Pathway, Pharmacokinetics
    Pharmacokinetics of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram.
  1. Clomipramine Pathway, Pharmacokinetics
    Schematic representation of clomipramine metabolism in human liver.
  1. Clopidogrel Pathway, Pharmacokinetics
    Representation of genes involved in metabolism of clopidogrel.
  1. Cyclophosphamide Pathway, Pharmacokinetics
    Model human liver cell showing genes involved in the metabolism of cyclophosphamide.
  1. Doxepin Pathway, Pharmacokinetics
    Stylized liver cell showing candidate genes involved in the metabolism of the tricyclic doxepin.
  1. Fluoxetine Pathway, Pharmacokinetics
    Representation of the candidate genes involved in the metabolism of fluoxetine.
  1. Fluvastatin Pathway, Pharmacokinetics
    Drug-specific representation of the candidate genes involved in transport, metabolism and clearance.
  1. Gefitinib Pathway, Pharmacokinetics
    Representation of the candidate genes involved in the transportation and metabolism of gefitinib.
  1. Glucocorticoid Pathway - Transcription Regulation, Pharmacodynamics
    Model displaying genes which may be involved in the nuclear complex formed that regulates transcription in response to glucocorticoids.
  1. Ibuprofen Pathway, Pharmacokinetics
    Stylized diagram of metabolism and transport of ibuprofen in the liver and kidney.
  1. Imatinib Pathway, Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics
  1. Imipramine/Desipramine Pathway, Pharmacokinetics
    Representation of the candidate genes involved in the metabolism of the tricyclic antidepressants imipramine and desipramine.
  1. Paroxetine Pathway, Pharmacokinetics
    Genes involved in the metabolism of paroxetine and in the mechanism of action.
  1. Pazopanib Pathway, Pharmacokinetics
    Stylized representation of pazopanib transport and metabolism in the liver.
  1. Phenytoin Pathway, Pharmacokinetics
    Genes involved in the metabolism of phenytoin in the human liver cell.
  1. Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor Pathway, Pharmacodynamics
    Effects of antiplatelet drugs on platelet aggregation pathway.
  1. Proton Pump Inhibitor Pathway, Pharmacokinetics
    Omeprazole metabolism in the liver.
  1. Statin Pathway - Generalized, Pharmacokinetics
    Representation of the superset of all genes involved in the transport, metabolism and clearance of statin class drugs.
  1. Tamoxifen Pathway, Pharmacokinetics
    Diagram showing candidate genes for tamoxifen metabolism in the liver.
  1. Venlafaxine Pathway, Pharmacokinetics
    Stylized cells depicting the metabolism and mechanism of action of venlafaxine.
  1. Voriconazole Pathway, Pharmacokinetics
    Pathway describing the metabolism of voriconazole
  1. Warfarin Pathway, Pharmacokinetics
    Representation of the candidate genes involved in transport, metabolism and clearance of warfarin.

Curated Information ?

Evidence Gene
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
CYP1A2
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
CYP2C9
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
CYP2D6
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
HTR2A
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
SLC6A4

Curated Information ?

Evidence Drug
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
3-cyano-7-ethoxycoumarin
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
4-hydroxytamoxifen
No Dosing Guideline available DL No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
abiraterone
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
acenocoumarol
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
ambrisentan
DG No Drug Label available CA VA VIP No VIP available
amitriptyline
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
amoxicillin
No Dosing Guideline available DL No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
arformoterol
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
aspirin
No Dosing Guideline available DL No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
atazanavir
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available PW
atorvastatin
No Dosing Guideline available DL No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
axitinib
No Dosing Guideline available DL CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
brivaracetam
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
bupropion
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
busulfan
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA VIP No VIP available
carbamazepine
No Dosing Guideline available DL CA VA VIP No VIP available
carisoprodol
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
carvedilol
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
celecoxib
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available VIP No VIP available
chloramphenicol
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
cilostazol
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available VIP No VIP available
cimetidine
DG DL CA VA VIP PW
citalopram
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
clarithromycin
No Dosing Guideline available DL CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
clobazam
DG No Drug Label available CA VA VIP PW
clomipramine
DG DL CA VA VIP PW
clopidogrel
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
clozapine
No Dosing Guideline available DL No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
crizotinib
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA VIP PW
cyclophosphamide
No Dosing Guideline available DL No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
dabrafenib
No Dosing Guideline available DL No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
dasatinib
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available PW
desipramine
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
desmethyl clomipramine
No Dosing Guideline available DL No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
dexlansoprazole
No Dosing Guideline available DL No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
dextromethorphan
No Dosing Guideline available DL CA VA No VIP available PW
diazepam
No Dosing Guideline available DL No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
donepezil
DG DL CA VA No VIP available PW
doxepin
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
doxorubicin
No Dosing Guideline available DL No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
drospirenone
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
duloxetine
No Dosing Guideline available DL No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
efavirenz
No Dosing Guideline available DL No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
eltrombopag
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
endoxifen
No Dosing Guideline available DL No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
enzalutamide
DG DL CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
escitalopram
DG DL CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
esomeprazole
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
ethambutol
No Dosing Guideline available DL No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
ethinyl estradiol
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
etravirine
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
famotidine
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available VIP No VIP available
felbamate
No Dosing Guideline available DL No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
flibanserin
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
fluconazole
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available PW
flunitrazepam
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA VIP PW
fluoxetine
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available PW
fluvastatin
No Dosing Guideline available DL No Clinical Annotation available VA VIP No VIP available
fluvoxamine
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available PW
gefitinib
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
ginkgo biloba extract
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available VIP No VIP available
hexobarbital
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available PW
ibuprofen
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
icotinib
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available PW
imatinib
DG No Drug Label available CA VA VIP PW
imipramine
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available VIP No VIP available
indomethacin
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
isoniazid
No Dosing Guideline available DL No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
ivacaftor / lumacaftor
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA VIP No VIP available
ketoconazole
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
labetalol
No Dosing Guideline available DL No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
lacosamide
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
lafutidine
DG DL CA VA VIP No VIP available
lansoprazole
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
leflunomide
No Dosing Guideline available DL No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
letrozole
No Dosing Guideline available DL No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
lomitapide
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available PW
lovastatin
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA VIP No VIP available
mephenytoin
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
methadone
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA VIP No VIP available
methylphenobarbital
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
metoprolol
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
mirtazapine
DG No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available VIP No VIP available
moclobemide
No Dosing Guideline available DL No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available VIP No VIP available
modafinil
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
n-desmethyltamoxifen
No Dosing Guideline available DL CA VA VIP No VIP available
nelfinavir
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
nevirapine
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
nilutamide
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available VIP No VIP available
norethindrone
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
nortriptyline
DG DL CA VA VIP No VIP available
omeprazole
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available PW
oxazepam
No Dosing Guideline available DL No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available VIP No VIP available
oxcarbazepine
DG DL CA VA VIP No VIP available
pantoprazole
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available PW
paroxetine
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA VIP No VIP available
phenobarbital
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
phenprocoumon
No Dosing Guideline available DL CA VA VIP PW
phenytoin
No Dosing Guideline available DL CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
prasugrel
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available VIP No VIP available
prednisone
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available VIP No VIP available
primidone
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available VIP No VIP available
probenecid
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available VIP No VIP available
progesterone
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA VIP No VIP available
proguanil
No Dosing Guideline available DL No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available VIP No VIP available
propranolol
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
pyrazinamide
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
quetiapine
No Dosing Guideline available DL No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
quinidine
No Dosing Guideline available DL No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
quinine
DG DL CA VA VIP No VIP available
rabeprazole
No Dosing Guideline available DL No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
regorafenib
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA VIP No VIP available
rifampin
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
rilpivirine
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
risperidone
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
rosuvastatin
No Dosing Guideline available DL No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
rucaparib
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
selumetinib
DG No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
sertraline
No Dosing Guideline available DL No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
simeprevir
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available PW
simvastatin
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
tacrolimus
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available PW
tamoxifen
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available PW
temazepam
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available VIP No VIP available
teniposide
No Dosing Guideline available DL No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
ticagrelor
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA VIP No VIP available
ticlopidine
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
tolbutamide
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
tolperisone
No Dosing Guideline available DL No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
tolterodine
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available VIP No VIP available
topiramate
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
tranylcypromine
DG No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
trimipramine
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
troglitazone
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
valproic acid
No Dosing Guideline available DL CA VA No VIP available PW
venlafaxine
DG DL CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
voriconazole
No Dosing Guideline available DL No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
vortioxetine
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA VIP PW
warfarin
Evidence Drug Class
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Anticholinergic Agents
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
antidepressants
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
antineoplastic agents
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available PW
hmg coa reductase inhibitors
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
Proton pump inhibitors
DG No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Curated Information ?

Evidence Disease
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
Acute coronary syndrome
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
adverse cardiovascular events
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
adverse events
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
aggression
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Angina Pectoris
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Anxiety Disorders
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Arthritis
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Asthma
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
Atrial Fibrillation
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Autistic Disorder
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Bipolar Disorder
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
Breast Neoplasms
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
Cardiovascular Diseases
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Carotid Artery Diseases
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Cerebrovascular Disorders
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
composite endpoints (stroke, myocardial infarction, or vascular death)
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
composite endpoints (transient ischemic attack (tia), stroke, myocardial infarction, or death)
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Constriction, Pathologic
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
Coronary Artery Disease
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Coronary Disease
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Coronary Restenosis
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Cystic Fibrosis
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Death
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
Depression
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Depressive Disorder
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
Depressive Disorder, Major
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Drug Toxicity
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Elderly Adult
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
electrocardiogram qt prolonged
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
Epilepsy
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Esophagitis, Peptic
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
event-free survival
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Gastritis
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
Gastroesophageal Reflux
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
gastrointestinal toxicity
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Granulomatous Disease, Chronic
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
heart valve replacement
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
Helicobacter Infections
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Hematologic Diseases
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
hemopoietic stem cell transplant
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Hemorrhage
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Hepatitis
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Hepatitis C
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
HIV
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
HIV Infections
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Hypercholesterolemia
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Hyperprolactinemia
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Hypertension
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Infection
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Inflammation
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
intragastric ph
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Ischemic Attack, Transient
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
Kidney Transplantation
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Leukopenia
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
lung transplantation
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Lupus erythematosus
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Lupus Nephritis
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Lymphoma
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Maculopapular Exanthema
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
major adverse cardiac events (mace)
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Malaria
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
Mental Disorders
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
Mycoses
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Myelodysplastic Syndromes
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
Myocardial Infarction
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Myocardial Ischemia
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Neoplasms
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Neurologic Manifestations
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Opioid-Related Disorders
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
over-anticoagulation
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
overall survival
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
Pancreatic Neoplasms
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
Peptic Ulcer
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Peripheral Vascular Diseases
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Pharyngitis
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
platelet aggregation inhibition
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
platelet reactivity
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Pregnancy
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Psychotic Disorders
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Recurrence
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Recurrence free survival
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Respiratory Tract Infections
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Schizophrenia
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
secondary composite endpoints (transient ischemic attack (tia), stroke, or death)
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Seizures
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
serum anticholinergic activity
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Shock, Septic
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
Stroke
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
Thrombosis
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Tobacco Use Disorder
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Toxic liver disease
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Transplantation
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
treatment failure
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Tuberculosis
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Ulcer
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Vasculitis
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Wegener Granulomatosis
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Weight gain

Publications related to CYP2C19: 805

No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Genomewide Association Study Identifies Novel Genetic Loci That Modify Antiplatelet Effects and Pharmacokinetics of Clopidogrel. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2017. Zhong W-P, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Clinical and educational impact of pharmacogenomics testing: a case series from the INGENIOUS trial. Pharmacogenomics. 2017. Pierson Rebecca C, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
CYP450 genotype and aggressive behavior on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Pharmacogenomics. 2017. Ekhart Corine, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Serum clomipramine and desmethylclomipramine levels in a CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 intermediate metabolizer. Pharmacogenomics. 2017. Brown Jacob T, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Should a routine genotyping of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms be recommended to predict venlafaxine efficacy in depressed patients treated in psychiatric settings?. Pharmacogenomics. 2017. Taranu Adela, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
The Impact of CYP2C19 Loss-of-Function Polymorphisms, Clinical, and Demographic Variables on Platelet Response to Clopidogrel Evaluated Using Impedance Aggregometry. Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis. 2017. Mărginean Alina, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Pharmacogenomics-Based Point-of-Care Clinical Decision Support Significantly Alters Drug Prescribing. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2017. O'Donnell Peter H, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Response to "Pharmacogenetics of Voriconazole: CYP2C19 but Also CYP3A4 Need to Be Genotyped" - The Role of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 Polymorphisms in Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Voriconazole. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2017. Walsh T J, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
Influence of genetic and non-genetic factors on phenytoin-induced severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2017. Yampayon Kittika, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Auto-inhibitory properties of the parent but not of the N-oxide metabolite contribute to infusion rate-dependent voriconazole pharmacokinetics. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2017. Hohmann Nicolas, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
A Study on CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 Polymorphic Effects on Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Amitriptyline in Healthy Koreans. Clinical and translational science. 2017. Ryu S, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics of the MEK1/2 inhibitor, selumetinib, in Asian and Western healthy subjects: a pooled analysis. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2017. Dymond Angela W, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Dapsone-induced agranulocytosis - possible involvement of low activity N-acetyltransferase 2. Fundamental & clinical pharmacology. 2017. Potočnjak Ines, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Gene variants in responsiveness to clopidogrel have no impact on clinical outcomes in Chinese patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention - A multicenter study. International journal of cardiology. 2017. Li Chenze, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
A prospective study to assess the association between genotype, phenotype and Prakriti in individuals on phenytoin monotherapy. Journal of Ayurveda and integrative medicine. 2017. Thaker Saket J, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Impact of the CYP2C19 genotype on voriconazole exposure in adults with invasive fungal infections. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2017. Hamadeh Issam S, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Clinical Impact of Pharmacogenetic-Guided Treatment for Patients Exhibiting Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Trial. The primary care companion for CNS disorders. 2017. Olson Marilyn C, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Effects of Genetic Polymorphisms of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes and MDR1 Transporter on Pantoprazole Metabolism and Helicobacter pylori Eradication. Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology. 2017. Karaca R Ozgur, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Pharmacogenetics of voriconazole: CYP2C19 but also CYP3A4 need to be genotyped. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2017. Gautier-Veyret Elodie, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
Influence of CYP2C19*2/*17 genotype on adverse drug reactions of voriconazole in patients after allo-HSCT: a four-case report. Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology. 2017. Beata Sienkiewicz, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Genetic Polymorphisms and Clopidogrel Efficacy for Acute Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Circulation. 2017. Pan Yuesong, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
Pharmacogenetics of ecstasy: CYP1A2, CYP2C19, and CYP2B6 polymorphisms moderate pharmacokinetics of MDMA in healthy subjects. European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology. 2017. Vizeli Patrick, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Genetic Determinants of P2Y12 Inhibitors and Clinical Implications. Interventional cardiology clinics. 2017. Cavallari Larisa H, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Genotyping, Platelet Activation, and Cardiovascular Outcome in Patients after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Two Pieces of the Puzzle of Clopidogrel Resistance. Cardiology. 2017. Siasos Gerasimos, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC®) Guideline for CYP2C19 and Voriconazole Therapy. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2016. Moriyama Brad, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium Guideline (CPIC®) for CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 Genotypes and Dosing of Tricyclic Antidepressants: 2016 Update. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2016. Kevin Hicks J, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Characterization of ADME gene variation in 21 populations by exome sequencing. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2016. Hovelson Daniel H, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
Effects of Cytochrome P450 3A4 and non-genetic factors on initial Voriconazole serum trough concentrations in Hematological Patients with different Cytochrome P450 2C19 genotypes. Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems. 2016. Shao Beibei, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Pharmacogenetics-guided analgesics in major abdominal surgery: Further benefits within an enhanced recovery protocol. American journal of surgery. 2016. Senagore Anthony J, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Improving Therapeutic Odyssey: Preemptive Pharmacogenomics Utility in Patient Care. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2016. Lazaridis Konstantinos N. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
To Genotype or Phenotype for Personalized Medicine? CYP450 Drug Metabolizing Enzyme Genotype-Phenotype Concordance and Discordance in the Ecuadorian Population. Omics : a journal of integrative biology. 2016. De Andrés Fernando, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics analysis of Rilpivirine in HIV-1 infected individuals. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 2016. Aouri Manel, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Impact of genetic polymorphisms related to clopidogrel or acetylsalicylic acid pharmacology on clinical outcome in Chinese patients with symptomatic extracranial or intracranial stenosis. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2016. Zhao Zhigang, et al. PubMed
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The combination of pharmacogenetic and pharmacokinetic analyses to optimize clomipramine dosing in major depression: a case report. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics. 2016. Antoniazzi Stefania, et al. PubMed
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Effect of CYP2C19*2 and *3 on clinical outcome in ischemic stroke patients treated with clopidogrel. Journal of the neurological sciences. 2016. Wang Yingting, et al. PubMed
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Economic analysis of pharmacogenomic-guided clopidogrel treatment in Serbian patients with myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Pharmacogenomics. 2016. Mitropoulou Christina, et al. PubMed
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Landscape of warfarin and clopidogrel pharmacogenetic variants in Qatari population from whole exome datasets. Pharmacogenomics. 2016. Sivadas Ambily, et al. PubMed
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Clopidogrel Pharmacogenetics: Beyond Candidate Genes and Genome-Wide Association Studies. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2016. Lewis Joshua P, et al. PubMed
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Impact of age, gender and CYP2C9/2C19 genotypes on dose-adjusted steady-state serum concentrations of valproic acid-a large-scale study based on naturalistic therapeutic drug monitoring data. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2016. Smith R L, et al. PubMed
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Rapid and ultra-rapid metabolizers with CYP2C19*17 polymorphism do not respond to standard therapy with proton pump inhibitors. Meta gene. 2016. Deshpande Neha, et al. PubMed
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In Vitro Functional Characterisation of Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 Allelic Variants CYP2C19*23 and CYP2C19*24. Biochemical genetics. 2016. Lau Pui Shen, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacokinetics of bupropion and its pharmacologically active metabolites in pregnancy. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2016. Fokina Valentina M, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19 but not CYP2B6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, ABCB1, PON1 or P2Y12 genetic polymorphism impacts antiplatelet response after clopidogrel in Koreans. Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis : an international journal in haemostasis and thrombosis. 2016. Zhang Hong-Zhe, et al. PubMed
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Effect of cytochrome P450 2C19 polymorphisms on the clinical outcomes of voriconazole: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2016. Li Xiaofei, et al. PubMed
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The role of cytochrome P450 pharmacogenomics in chronic non-cancer pain patients. Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology. 2016. Tverdohleb Tatiana, et al. PubMed
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Association Between CYP2C19 Loss-of-Function Allele Status and Efficacy of Clopidogrel for Risk Reduction Among Patients With Minor Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack. JAMA. 2016. Wang Yilong, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19 Genotype-Dependent Pharmacokinetic Drug Interaction Between Voriconazole and Ritonavir-Boosted Atazanavir in Healthy Subjects. Journal of clinical pharmacology. 2016. Zhu Li, et al. PubMed
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Genetic polymorphisms influence on the response to clopidogrel in peripheral artery disease patients following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Pharmacogenomics. 2016. Díaz-Villamarín Xando, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 genotypes in pacific peoples. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2016. Helsby N A. PubMed
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Comparison of genome sequencing and clinical genotyping for pharmacogenes. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2016. Yang Wenjian, et al. PubMed
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Impact of CYP2C19 gene polymorphism on warfarin maintenance doses in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Gene. 2016. Zhang Hongshen, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles are not associated with clinical outcome of clopidogrel therapy in patients treated with newer-generation drug-eluting stents. Medicine. 2016. Choi Ik Jun, et al. PubMed
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Risk Factors for Voriconazole-Associated Hepatotoxicity in Patients in the Intensive Care Unit. Pharmacotherapy. 2016. Wang Yan, et al. PubMed
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Interaction of CYP2C19, P2Y12, and GPIIIa Variants Associates With Efficacy of Clopidogrel and Adverse Events on Patients With Ischemic Stroke. Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis. 2016. Yi Xingyang, et al. PubMed
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Effects of CYP2C19 variants on methadone metabolism in vitro. Drug testing and analysis. 2016. Lan Tian, et al. PubMed
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Cost-effectiveness analysis of personalized antiplatelet therapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Pharmacogenomics. 2016. Jiang Minghuan, et al. PubMed
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Invasive Aspergillus infection requiring lobectomy in a CYP2C19 rapid metabolizer with subtherapeutic voriconazole concentrations. Pharmacogenomics. 2016. Hicks J Kevin, et al. PubMed
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Role of CYP2C19 gene polymorphism in acute alcohol withdrawal treatment with loading dose of diazepam in a South Indian population. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2016. Jose Manu, et al. PubMed
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Navigating pleiotropy in precision medicine: pharmacogenes from trauma to behavioral health. Pharmacogenomics. 2016. Oberg Vicki, et al. PubMed
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Cytochrome P450 2C19 polymorphisms and valproic acid-induced weight gain. Acta neurologica Scandinavica. 2016. Noai M, et al. PubMed
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Genetic polymorphisms of pharmacogenomic VIP variants in Li nationality of southern China. Environmental toxicology and pharmacology. 2016. Ding Yipeng, et al. PubMed
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Association of CYP2C19 *17/*17 Genotype With the Risk of Voriconazole-Associated Squamous Cell Carcinoma. JAMA dermatology. 2016. Williams Kiyanna, et al. PubMed
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Association of Cytochrome P450 Genetic Variants with Clopidogrel Resistance and Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis. 2016. Yi Xingyang, et al. PubMed
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Genome-Wide Pharmacogenomic Study on Methadone Maintenance Treatment Identifies SNP rs17180299 and Multiple Haplotypes on CYP2B6, SPON1, and GSG1L Associated with Plasma Concentrations of Methadone R- and S-enantiomers in Heroin-Dependent Patients. PLoS genetics. 2016. Yang Hsin-Chou, et al. PubMed
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Preemptive Pharmacogenomic Testing for Precision Medicine: A Comprehensive Analysis of Five Actionable Pharmacogenomic Genes Using Next-Generation DNA Sequencing and a Customized CYP2D6 Genotyping Cascade. The Journal of molecular diagnostics : JMD. 2016. Ji Yuan, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenomic or -epigenomic biomarkers in drug treatment - two sides of the same medal?. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2016. Ingelman-Sundberg Magnus, et al. PubMed
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Effect of CYP2C19 Polymorphisms on the Platelet Response to Clopidogrel and Influence on the Effect of High Versus Standard Dose Clopidogrel in Carotid Artery Stenting. European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery. 2016. González A, et al. PubMed
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Is toxicity of PMMA (paramethoxymethamphetamine) associated with cytochrome P450 pharmacogenetics?. Forensic science international. 2016. Vevelstad Merete, et al. PubMed
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Invasive aspergillosis in a paediatric allogeneic stem cell transplantation recipient owing to a susceptible Aspergillus fumigatus: Treatment failure with high doses of voriconazole and influence of CYP2C19 polymorphisms. International journal of antimicrobial agents. 2016. Cendejas-Bueno Emilio, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenetics of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in American Indian and Caucasian Children Admitted to a Psychiatric Hospital. Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology. 2016. McGrane Ian R, et al. PubMed
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Cyclophosphamide treatment-induced leukopenia rates in ANCA-associated vasculitis are influenced by variant CYP450 2C9 genotypes. Pharmacogenomics. 2016. Schirmer Jan Henrik, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19 drug-drug and drug-gene interactions in ED patients. The American journal of emergency medicine. 2016. Flaten Hanna K, et al. PubMed
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Cytochrome P-450 gene and drug interaction analysis in patients referred for pharmacogenetic testing. American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. 2016. Hocum Brian Thomas, et al. PubMed
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Association of CYP2C19*2 and Associated Haplotypes with Lower Norendoxifen Levels in Tamoxifen-treated Asian Breast Cancer Patients. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2016. Lim Joanne Siok Liu, et al. PubMed
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Genetic and Nongenetic Factors Affecting Clopidogrel Response in the Egyptian Population. Clinical and translational science. 2016. Khalil B M, et al. PubMed
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A prospective observational study of CYP2C19 polymorphisms and voriconazole plasma level in adult Thai patients with invasive aspergillosis. Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. 2016. Sumonrat Chuwongwattana, et al. PubMed
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Influence of CYP2B6 and CYP2C19 polymorphisms on sertraline metabolism in major depression patients. International journal of clinical pharmacy. 2016. Yuce-Artun Nazan, et al. PubMed
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CYP450 genotype and pharmacogenetic association studies: a critical appraisal. Pharmacogenomics. 2016. Shah Rashmi R, et al. PubMed
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Physician response to implementation of genotype-tailored antiplatelet therapy. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2015. Peterson Josh F, et al. PubMed
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Interindividual Variability in Cytochrome P450-Mediated Drug Metabolism. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2015. Tracy Timothy S, et al. PubMed
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Impact of Cytochrome P450 2C19*2 and *3 on Clopidogrel Loading Dose in Saudi Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. Drug metabolism letters. 2016. Khalaf Hassan, et al. PubMed
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Evaluation of the incremental prognostic value of the combination of CYP2C19 poor metabolizer status and ABCB1 3435 TT polymorphism over conventional risk factors for cardiovascular events after drug-eluting stent implantation in East Asians. Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics. 2015. Park Mahn-Won, et al. PubMed
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Impact of CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms on voriconazole dosing and exposure in adult patients with invasive fungal infections. International journal of antimicrobial agents. 2015. Lamoureux Fabien, et al. PubMed
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Relationship between clopidogrel-related polymorphisms and variable platelet reactivity at 1 year: A cohort study from Han Chinese. Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. 2016. Wang Xiaodong, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenetics driving personalized medicine: analysis of genetic polymorphisms related to breast cancer medications in Italian isolated populations. Journal of translational medicine. 2016. Cocca Massimiliano, et al. PubMed
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Clinically relevant genetic variants of drug-metabolizing enzyme and transporter genes detected in Thai children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment. 2016. Medhasi Sadeep, et al. PubMed
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Long-term administration of escitalopram in patients with social anxiety disorder in Japan. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment. 2016. Asakura Satoshi, et al. PubMed
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Economic Evaluations of Pharmacogenetic and Pharmacogenomic Screening Tests: A Systematic Review. Second Update of the Literature. PloS one. 2016. Berm Elizabeth J J, et al. PubMed
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First-line eradication for Helicobacter pylori-positive gastritis by esomeprazole-based triple therapy is influenced by CYP2C19 genotype. World journal of gastroenterology. 2015. Saito Yoshimasa, et al. PubMed
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Genotype - Directed Dosing Leads to Optimized Voriconazole Levels in Pediatric Patients Receiving Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. 2015. Teusink A, et al. PubMed
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Integrated Patient and Tumor Genetic Testing for Individualized Cancer Therapy. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2015. Hertz Daniel L, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19 and CES1 polymorphisms and efficacy of clopidogrel and aspirin dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease. Journal of neurosurgery. 2015. Hoh Brian L, et al. PubMed
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Switching from prasugrel to clopidogrel based on Cytochrome P450 2C19 genotyping in East Asian patients stabilized after acute myocardial infarction. Platelets. 2015. Lee Ji Hyun, et al. PubMed
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Genetic markers in CYP2C19 and CYP2B6 for prediction of cyclophosphamide's 4-hydroxylation, efficacy and side effects in Chinese systemic lupus erythematosus patients. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2015. Shu Wenying, et al. PubMed
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The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction of clopidogrel and cilostazol in relation to CYP2C19 and CYP3A5 genotypes. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2015. Kim Ho-Sook, et al. PubMed
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The GSTA1 polymorphism and cyclophosphamide therapy outcomes in lupus nephritis patients. Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.). 2015. Wang Hong-Na, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacokinetic Drug Interaction Studies with Enzalutamide. Clinical pharmacokinetics. 2015. Gibbons Jacqueline A, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenetic Allele Nomenclature: International Workgroup Recommendations for Test Result Reporting. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2015. Kalman Lisa V, et al. PubMed
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In Vitro Kinetic Characterization of Axitinib Metabolism. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2015. Zientek Michael A, et al. PubMed
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A pharmacodynamic comparison of a personalized strategy for anti-platelet therapy versus ticagrelor in achieving a therapeutic window. International journal of cardiology. 2015. Malhotra Nikita, et al. PubMed
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Is your love in vain? On associations between genotypes, drug concentrations and clinical outcomes in pharmacogenomic research. International journal of clinical pharmacy. 2015. Damkier Per. PubMed
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Comparison of genetic variation in drug ADME-related genes in Thais with Caucasian, African and Asian HapMap populations. Journal of human genetics. 2015. Jittikoon Jiraphun, et al. PubMed
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Clinical Utility of Combinatorial Pharmacogenomics-Guided Antidepressant Therapy: Evidence from Three Clinical Studies. Molecular neuropsychiatry. 2015. Altar C Anthony, et al. PubMed
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Cytochrome P450 genotypes are not associated with refractoriness to antipsychotic treatment. Schizophrenia research. 2015. van de Bilt M T, et al. PubMed
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Omeprazole, pantoprazole, and CYP2C19 effects on clopidogrel pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships in stable coronary artery disease patients. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2015. Simon Nicolas, et al. PubMed
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The impact of CYP2C19 polymorphisms on citalopram metabolism in patients with major depressive disorder. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics. 2015. Uckun Z, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19 genotype plus platelet reactivity-guided antiplatelet therapy in acute coronary syndrome patients: a decision analysis. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2015. Jiang Minghuan, et al. PubMed
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Genetic variation in the human cytochrome P450 supergene family. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2015. Fujikura Kohei, et al. PubMed
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Interindividual variability of CYP2C19-catalyzed drug metabolism due to differences in gene diplotypes and cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase content. The pharmacogenomics journal. 2015. Shirasaka Y, et al. PubMed
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C3435T polymorphism of the ABCB1 gene is associated with poor clopidogrel responsiveness in a Mexican population undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Thrombosis research. 2015. Calderón-Cruz Beatriz, et al. PubMed
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Genetic and platelet function testing of antiplatelet therapy for percutaneous coronary intervention: the ARCTIC-GENE study. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2015. Collet Jean-Philippe, et al. PubMed
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Gain-of-function single nucleotide variants of the CYP2C19 gene (CYP2C19*17) can identify subtherapeutic voriconazole concentrations in critically ill patients: a case series. Intensive care medicine. 2015. Weigel Joachim D, et al. PubMed
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Impact of Cytochrome P450 2C19 polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus when coadministered with voriconazole. Journal of clinical pharmacology. 2015. Imamura Chiyo K, et al. PubMed
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Escitalopram pharmacogenetics: CYP2C19 relationships with dosing and clinical outcomes in autism spectrum disorder. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2015. Bishop Jeffrey R, et al. PubMed
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Atomoxetine pharmacogenetics: associations with pharmacokinetics, treatment response and tolerability. Pharmacogenomics. 2015. Brown Jacob T, et al. PubMed
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High metabolic N-oxidation of voriconazole in a patient with refractory aspergillosis and CYP2C19*17/*17 genotype. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2015. Bennis Youssef, et al. PubMed
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Development of population pharmacokinetics model of icotinib with non-linear absorption characters in healthy Chinese volunteers to assess the CYP2C19 polymorphism and food-intake effect. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2015. Hu Pei, et al. PubMed
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Lansoprazole Is Associated with Worsening Asthma Control in Children with the CYP2C19 Poor Metabolizer Phenotype. Annals of the American Thoracic Society. 2015. Lang Jason E, et al. PubMed
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Influence of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism on the pharmacokinetics of tolperisone in healthy volunteers. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2015. Pawlowska M, et al. PubMed
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The effect of induction of CYP3A4 by St John's wort on ambrisentan plasma pharmacokinetics in volunteers of known CYP2C19 genotype. Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology. 2015. Markert Christoph, et al. PubMed
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Impact of visceral leishmaniasis and curative chemotherapy on cytochrome P450 activity in Brazilian patients. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2015. Lanchote Vera Lucia, et al. PubMed
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Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) Guideline for CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 Genotypes and Dosing of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2015. Hicks J Kevin, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19*17 genetic polymorphism-an uncommon cause of voriconazole treatment failure. Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease. 2015. Abidi Maheen Z, et al. PubMed
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The CYP2C19 Intron 2 Branch Point SNP is the Ancestral Polymorphism Contributing to the Poor Metabolizer Phenotype in Livers with CYP2C19*35 and CYP2C19*2 Alleles. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2015. Chaudhry Amarjit S, et al. PubMed
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Correlation of CYP2C19 genotype with plasma voriconazole levels: a preliminary retrospective study in Indians. International journal of clinical pharmacy. 2015. Chawla Prerna K, et al. PubMed
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Correlation Between SNPs in Candidate Genes and VerifyNow-Detected Platelet Responsiveness to Aspirin and Clopidogrel Treatment. Cardiovascular drugs and therapy / sponsored by the International Society of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy. 2015. Cui Hanbin, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19 LOF alleles confer no risk for HTPR but higher risk for recurrent ischemic events in clopidogrel treated elderly ACS patients. International journal of cardiology. 2015. Yang Jie, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19 polymorphism and clinical outcomes among patients of different races treated with clopidogrel: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Medical sciences = Hua zhong ke ji da xue xue bao. Yi xue Ying De wen ban = Huazhong keji daxue xuebao. Yixue Yingdewen ban. 2015. Niu Xuan, et al. PubMed
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Patients with both CYP2C19 loss-of-function allele and peripheral endothelial dysfunction are significantly correlated with adverse cardiovascular events following coronary stent implantation. Journal of cardiology. 2015. Tabata Noriaki, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenomic assessment of Mexican and Peruvian populations. Pharmacogenomics. 2015. Marsh Sharon, et al. PubMed
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Putting CYP2C19 genotyping to the test: utility of pharmacogenomic evaluation in a voriconazole-treated haematology cohort. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy. 2015. Trubiano J A, et al. PubMed
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A prospective randomized evaluation of a pharmacogenomic approach to antiplatelet therapy among patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: the RAPID STEMI study. The pharmacogenomics journal. 2015. So D Y F, et al. PubMed
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Individualized phenytoin therapy for Japanese pediatric patients with epilepsy based on CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 genotypes. Therapeutic drug monitoring. 2015. Yamamoto Yoshiaki, et al. PubMed
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Intrinsic platelet reactivity before start with clopidogrel as predictor for on-clopidogrel platelet function and long-term clinical outcome. Thrombosis and haemostasis. 2015. Hochholzer W, et al. PubMed
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Impact of esomeprazole on platelet reactivity and clinical outcome according to CYP2C19 genotype in coronary heart disease patients during dual antiplatelet therapy. Thrombosis research. 2015. Hokimoto Seiji, et al. PubMed
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Impact of CYP2C19 polymorphism on the pharmacokinetics of nelfinavir in pancreatic cancer patients. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2015. Kattel Krishna, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenetics of quetiapine in healthy volunteers: association with pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and adverse effects. International clinical psychopharmacology. 2015. Cabaleiro Teresa, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19*2 genotype influence in acute coronary syndrome patients undergoing serial clopidogrel dose tailoring based on platelet function testing: Analysis from randomized controlled trial NCT02096419. International journal of cardiology. 2015. Samardzic Jure, et al. PubMed
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Effect of clinical factors and gene polymorphism of CYP2C19*2, *17 and CYP4F2*3 on early stent thrombosis. Pharmacogenomics. 2015. Kupstyte Nora, et al. PubMed
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Exploring the role of drug-metabolising enzymes in antidepressant side effects. Psychopharmacology. 2015. Hodgson Karen, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacokinetics and safety of voriconazole intravenous-to-oral switch regimens in immunocompromised Japanese pediatric patients. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 2015. Mori Masaaki, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19*17 affects R-warfarin plasma clearance and warfarin INR/dose ratio in patients on stable warfarin maintenance therapy. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2015. Chang Ming, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19 genotype and early ischemic lesion recurrence in stroke patients treated with clopidogrel. Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association. 2015. Jeong Tae-Dong, et al. PubMed
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Effect of CYP2C19 polymorphisms on the clinical outcome of low-dose clobazam therapy in Japanese patients with epilepsy. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2015. Hashi Sachiyo, et al. PubMed
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Clinical applications of CYP genotyping in psychiatry. Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996). 2015. Spina Edoardo, et al. PubMed
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Effects of CYP2C19 and P2Y12 Gene Polymorphisms on Clinical Results of Patients Using Clopidogrel after Acute Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease. Balkan journal of medical genetics : BJMG. 2014. Sen H M, et al. PubMed
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Methadone dose in heroin-dependent patients: role of clinical factors, comedications, genetic polymorphisms and enzyme activity. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2014. Mouly S, et al. PubMed
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Effects of CYP2C19 Polymorphism on Endothelial Function, Arterial Stiffness and Inflammation in Coronary Artery Disease Patients Under Clopidogrel Treatment. Current pharmaceutical design. 2015. Siasos Gerasimos, et al. PubMed
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A pharmacokinetic comparison of two voriconazole formulations and the effect of CYP2C19 polymorphism on their pharmacokinetic profiles. Drug design, development and therapy. 2015. Chung Hyewon, et al. PubMed
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Genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C19*2 and ABCB1 C3435T affect the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic responses to clopidogrel in 401 patients with acute coronary syndrome. Gene. 2014. Wang Xia-Qin, et al. PubMed
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Diversity of platelet function and genetic polymorphism in clopidogrel-treated Chinese patients. Genetics and molecular research : GMR. 2015. Sun B, et al. PubMed
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Genetic polymorphisms of pharmacogenomic VIP variants in the lhoba population of southwest China. International journal of clinical and experimental pathology. 2015. He Yongjun, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19 Metabolizer Status and Clopidogrel Efficacy in the Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes (SPS3) Study. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2015. McDonough Caitrin W, et al. PubMed
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PharmGKB summary: ibuprofen pathways. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2014. Mazaleuskaya Liudmila L, et al. PubMed
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Impact of tailored anti-P2Y12 therapies in acute coronary syndromes. Pharmacogenomics. 2015. Stimpfle Fabian, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenomics and cardiology: improving treatment with existing drugs. Pharmacogenomics. 2015. Sorrentino Matthew J, et al. PubMed
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Point-of-care molecular diagnostic devices: an overview. Pharmacogenomics. 2015. Vu Chi Lan Nguyen, et al. PubMed
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Population pharmacogenetics of Ibero-Latinoamerican populations (MESTIFAR 2014). Pharmacogenomics. 2015. Sosa-Macias Martha, et al. PubMed
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Serotonin pathway polymorphisms and the treatment of major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders. Pharmacogenomics. 2015. Helton Sarah G, et al. PubMed
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Implementation of Cell Samples as Controls in National Proficiency Testing for Clopidogrel Therapy-Related CYP2C19 Genotyping in China: A Novel Approach. PloS one. 2015. Lin Guigao, et al. PubMed
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Optimizing clopidogrel dose response: a new clinical algorithm comprising CYP2C19 pharmacogenetics and drug interactions. Therapeutics and clinical risk management. 2015. Saab Yolande B, et al. PubMed
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In vitro functional analysis of 24 novel CYP2C19 variants recently found in the Chinese Han population. Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems. 2015. Dai Da-Peng, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19*17 increases clopidogrel-mediated platelet inhibition but does not alter the pharmacokinetics of the active metabolite of clopidogrel. Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology. 2014. Pedersen Rasmus Steen, et al. PubMed
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Efficacy and safety of voriconazole and CYP2C19 polymorphism for optimised dosage regimens in patients with invasive fungal infections. International journal of antimicrobial agents. 2014. Wang Taotao, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenomics of antimicrobial agents. Pharmacogenomics. 2014. Aung Ar Kar, et al. PubMed
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Genetic and non-genetic factors responsible for antiplatelet effects of clopidogrel in Japanese patients undergoing coronary stent implantation: an algorithm to predict on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity. Thrombosis research. 2014. Miura Go, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19 Genotype Has a Greater Effect on Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes Following PCI and in Asian Populations Treated with Clopidogrel: A Meta-Analysis. Circulation. Cardiovascular genetics. 2014. Sorich Michael J, et al. PubMed
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Impact of Cytochrome P450 2C19 Polymorphisms on Citalopram/Escitalopram Exposure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clinical pharmacokinetics. 2014. Chang Ming, et al. PubMed
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Gene Variants in CYP2C19 are Associated with Altered In Vivo Bupropion Pharmacokinetics but not Bupropion Assisted Smoking Cessation Outcomes. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2014. Zhu Andy Z X, et al. PubMed
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Comparison of acid inhibition with standard dosages of proton pump inhibitors in relation to CYP2C19 genotype in Japanese. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2014. Sugimoto Mitsushige, et al. PubMed
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Evaluation of felodipine as a potential perpetrator of pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2014. Snyder Ben D, et al. PubMed
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Gene polymorphism of cytochrome P450 2C19*2 and clopidogrel resistance reflected by platelet function assays: a meta-analysis. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2014. Hou Xiaowen, et al. PubMed
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The effect of CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of prasugrel 5-mg, prasugrel 10-mg and clopidogrel 75-mg in patients with coronary artery disease. Thrombosis and haemostasis. 2014. Gurbel P A, et al. PubMed
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Impact of age on serum concentrations of venlafaxine and escitalopram in different CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotype subgroups. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2014. Waade Ragnhild Birkeland, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19 variation, not citalopram dose nor serum level, is associated with QTc prolongation. Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England). 2014. Kumar Yingying, et al. PubMed
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Genetic polymorphisms affect efficacy and adverse drug reactions of DMARDs in rheumatoid arthritis. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2014. Zhang Ling Ling, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenetic insights into migraine treatment in children. Pharmacogenomics. 2014. Gentile Giovanna, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenomic testing: the case for CYP2C19 proton pump inhibitor gene-drug pairs. Pharmacogenomics. 2014. Lima John J, et al. PubMed
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Role of phenotypic and genetic testing in managing clopidogrel therapy. Blood. 2014. Chan Noel C, et al. PubMed
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Effect of polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of risperidone in healthy volunteers. Human psychopharmacology. 2014. Cabaleiro Teresa, et al. PubMed
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Voriconazole and atazanavir: a CYP2C19-dependent manageable drug-drug interaction. Pharmacogenomics. 2014. Calcagno Andrea, et al. PubMed
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Functional characterization of 21 CYP2C19 allelic variants for clopidogrel 2-oxidation. The pharmacogenomics journal. 2014. Takahashi M, et al. PubMed
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The role of clinical parameters and of CYP2C19 G681 and CYP4F2 G1347A polymorphisms on platelet reactivity during dual antiplatelet therapy. Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis : an international journal in haemostasis and thrombosis. 2014. Tatarunas Vacis, et al. PubMed
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Impact of variable CYP genotypes on breast cancer relapse in patients undergoing adjuvant tamoxifen therapy. Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology. 2014. Mwinyi Jessica, et al. PubMed
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The influence of the CYP2C19*10 allele on clopidogrel activation and CYP2C19*2 genotyping. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2014. Langaee Taimour Y, et al. PubMed
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Analysis of compound heterozygous CYP2C19 genotypes to determine cis and trans configurations. Pharmacogenomics. 2014. Skierka Jennifer M, et al. PubMed
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Development of a broad-based ADME panel for use in pharmacogenomic studies. Pharmacogenomics. 2014. Brown Andrew Mk, et al. PubMed
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Personalized pharmacogenomics profiling using whole-genome sequencing. Pharmacogenomics. 2014. Mizzi Clint, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenetics of antidepressant treatment in obsessive-compulsive disorder: an update and implications for clinicians. Pharmacogenomics. 2014. Zai Gwyneth, et al. PubMed
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Resolution of a clinical AmpliChip CYP450 Test™ no call: discovery and characterization of novel CYP2D6*1 haplotypes. Pharmacogenomics. 2014. Gaedigk Andrea, et al. PubMed
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Voriconazole plasma concentrations in immunocompromised pediatric patients vary by CYP2C19 diplotypes. Pharmacogenomics. 2014. Hicks J Kevin, et al. PubMed
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Voriconazole metabolism, toxicity, and the effect of cytochrome P450 2C19 genotype. The Journal of infectious diseases. 2014. Zonios Dimitrios, et al. PubMed
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Effects of CYP2C19 and P450 oxidoreductase polymorphisms on the population pharmacokinetics of clobazam and N-desmethylclobazam in japanese patients with epilepsy. Therapeutic drug monitoring. 2014. Saruwatari Junji, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenetic-guided psychiatric intervention associated with increased adherence and cost savings. The American journal of managed care. 2014. Fagerness Jesen, et al. PubMed
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Clopidogrel metaboliser status based on point-of-care CYP2C19 genetic testing in patients with coronary artery disease. Thrombosis and haemostasis. 2014. Erlinge David, et al. PubMed
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Impact of point-of-care testing for CYP2C19 on platelet inhibition in patients with acute coronary syndrome and early dual antiplatelet therapy in the emergency setting. Thrombosis research. 2014. Stimpfle Fabian, et al. PubMed
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Genetics of platelet inhibitor treatment. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2014. Trenk Dietmar, et al. PubMed
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Cytochrome P450 Gene Variants, Race, and Mortality Among Clopidogrel Treated Patients Following Acute Myocardial Infarction. Circulation. Cardiovascular genetics. 2014. Cresci Sharon, et al. PubMed
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Prioritizing genomic applications for action by level of evidence: a horizon-scanning method. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2014. Dotson W D, et al. PubMed
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Lack of association between peri-procedural myocardial damage and CYP2C19 gene variant in elective percutaneous coronary intervention. Heart and vessels. 2014. Yoshimura Hiromi, et al. PubMed
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Effectiveness of clopidogrel dose escalation to normalize active metabolite exposure and antiplatelet effects in CYP2C19 poor metabolizers. Journal of clinical pharmacology. 2014. Horenstein Richard B, et al. PubMed
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The Influence of Genetic Polymorphism of Cyp2c19 Isoenzyme on the Pharmacokinetics of Clopidogrel and Its Metabolites in Patients With Cardiovascular Diseases. Journal of clinical pharmacology. 2014. Karaźniewicz-Łada Marta, et al. PubMed
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Impact of CYP2C19 polymorphism and proton pump inhibitors on platelet reactivity to clopidogrel and clinical outcomes following stent implantation. Thrombosis research. 2014. Hokimoto Seiji, et al. PubMed
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Impact of CYP2C19 polymorphism on clinical outcome following coronary stenting is more important in non-diabetic than diabetic patients. Thrombosis research. 2014. Mizobe Michio, et al. PubMed
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Prevalence of CYP2C19 variant alleles and pharmacodynamic variability of aspirin and clopidogrel in Native Americans. American heart journal. 2014. Oestreich Julie H, et al. PubMed
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Adoption of a clinical pharmacogenomics implementation program during outpatient care-initial results of the University of Chicago "1,200 Patients Project". American journal of medical genetics. Part C, Seminars in medical genetics. 2014. O'Donnell Peter H, et al. PubMed
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Implementation of pharmacogenetics: The University of Maryland personalized anti-platelet pharmacogenetics program. American journal of medical genetics. Part C, Seminars in medical genetics. 2014. Shuldiner Alan R, et al. PubMed
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PG4KDS: A model for the clinical implementation of pre-emptive pharmacogenetics. American journal of medical genetics. Part C, Seminars in medical genetics. 2014. Hoffman James M, et al. PubMed
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Expansion of a PBPK model to predict disposition in pregnant women of drugs cleared via multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP2B6, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2014. Ke Alice Ban, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19 polymorphisms and coronary heart disease risk factors synergistically impact clopidogrel response variety after percutaneous coronary intervention. Coronary artery disease. 2014. Liu Tao, et al. PubMed
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Implementation of a pharmacogenomics service in a community pharmacy. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA. 2014. Ferreri Stefanie P, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenomics of oral antiplatelet drugs. Pharmacogenomics. 2014. Yasmina Alfi, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacoepidemiologic and in Vitro Evaluation of Potential Drug-Drug Interactions of Sulfonylureas with Fibrates and Statins. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2014. Schelleman H, et al. PubMed
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CES1A -816C as a genetic marker to predict greater platelet clopidogrel response in patients with percutaneous coronary intervention. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology. 2014. Zou Jian-Jun, et al. PubMed
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Positive Clinical Response to Clopidogrel is Independent of Paraoxonase 1 Q192R and CYP2C19 Genetic Variants. Journal of clinical pharmacology. 2014. Martínez-Quintana Efrén, et al. PubMed
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The effects of CES1A2 A(-816)C and CYP2C19 loss-of-function polymorphisms on clopidogrel response variability among Chinese patients with coronary heart disease. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2014. Xie Cheng, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19 Polymorphisms and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Voriconazole: Are We Ready for Clinical Implementation of Pharmacogenomics?. Pharmacotherapy. 2014. Owusu Obeng Aniwaa, et al. PubMed
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Understanding variability with voriconazole using a population pharmacokinetic approach: implications for optimal dosing. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy. 2014. Dolton Michael J, et al. PubMed
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Association between inherited CYP2D6/2C19 phenotypes and anticholinergic measures in elderly patients using anticholinergic drugs. Therapeutic drug monitoring. 2014. Kersten Hege, et al. PubMed
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Incorporation of Pharmacogenomics into Routine Clinical Practice: the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) Guideline Development Process. Current drug metabolism. 2014. Caudle Kelly E, et al. PubMed
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Multiple cytochrome P450 isoforms are involved in the generation of a pharmacologically active thiol metabolite, whereas paraoxonase 1 and carboxylesterase 1 catalyze the formation of a thiol metabolite isomer from ticlopidine. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2014. Kim Min-Jung, et al. PubMed
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Therapeutic drug monitoring of voriconazole: a case report of multiple drug interactions in a patient with an increased CYP2C19 activity. AIDS research and therapy. 2014. Bouatou Yassine, et al. PubMed
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Brivaracetam single and multiple rising oral dose study in healthy Japanese participants: influence of CYP2C19 genotype. Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. 2014. Stockis Armel, et al. PubMed
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Association of genetic polymorphisms with warfarin dose requirements in Chinese patients. Genetic testing and molecular biomarkers. 2013. Liang Yundan, et al. PubMed
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CYP 450 2C19 polymorphisms in Indian patients with coronary artery disease. Indian heart journal. 2014. Shetkar Sudhir S, et al. PubMed
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Clinical Impact of Cytochrome P450 2C19 Genotype on the Treatment of Invasive Aspergillosis under Routine Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Voriconazole in a Korean Population. Infection & chemotherapy. 2013. Kim Si-Hyun, et al. PubMed
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Relationship between statin type and responsiveness to clopidogrel in patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention: a subgroup analysis of the CILON-T trial. Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis. 2014. Suh Jung-Won, et al. PubMed
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Role of genetic factors on the effect of additional loading doses and two maintenance doses used to overcome clopidogrel hyporesponsiveness. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania). 2014. Latkovskis Gustavs, et al. PubMed
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Evaluation of the relationship between polymorphisms in CYP2C19 and the pharmacokinetics of omeprazole, pantoprazole and rabeprazole. Pharmacogenomics. 2014. Román Manuel, et al. PubMed
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A pharmacogenetics-based warfarin maintenance dosing algorithm from northern chinese patients. PloS one. 2014. Chen Jinxing, et al. PubMed
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Effects of Cytochrome P450 2C19 and Paraoxonase 1 Polymorphisms on Antiplatelet Response to Clopidogrel Therapy in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. PloS one. 2014. Tresukosol Damrus, et al. PubMed
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Impact of the Superoxide Dismutase 2 Val16Ala Polymorphism on the Relationship between Valproic Acid Exposure and Elevation of gamma-Glutamyltransferase in Patients with Epilepsy: A Population Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Analysis. PloS one. 2014. Ogusu Naoki, et al. PubMed
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Thrombin-induced platelet-fibrin clot strength: Relation to high on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity, genotype, and post-percutaneous coronary intervention outcomes. Thrombosis and haemostasis. 2013. Jeong Y-H, et al. PubMed
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Clinically actionable genotypes among 10,000 patients with preemptive pharmacogenomic testing. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2013. Van Driest Sara L, et al. PubMed
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Routine assessment of on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity and gene polymorphisms in predicting clinical outcome following drug-eluting stent implantation in patients with stable coronary artery disease. JACC. Cardiovascular interventions. 2013. Viviani Anselmi Chiara, et al. PubMed
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The effect of CYP2C19 genotype on the time course of platelet aggregation inhibition after clopidogrel administration. Journal of clinical pharmacology. 2013. Kim Ho-Sook, et al. PubMed
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Genetic differences in cytochrome P450 enzymes and antidepressant treatment response. Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England). 2013. Hodgson Karen, et al. PubMed
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Effect of genetic variants GSTA1 and CYP39A1 and age on busulfan clearance in pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Pharmacogenomics. 2013. Ten Brink Marloes H, et al. PubMed
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Pregnancy and pharmacogenomics in the context of drug metabolism and response. Pharmacogenomics. 2013. Helldén Anders, et al. PubMed
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Cytochrome CYP2C19 polymorphism and risk of adverse clinical events in clopidogrel-treated patients: a meta-analysis based on 23,035 subjects. Archives of cardiovascular diseases. 2013. Mao Liu, et al. PubMed
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Personalized antiplatelet therapy according to CYP2C19 genotype after percutaneous coronary intervention: a randomized control trial. International journal of cardiology. 2013. Xie Xiang, et al. PubMed
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Impact of CYP2C19 Polymorphism on Platelet Function Tests and Coagulation and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis. 2013. Kaikita Koichi, et al. PubMed
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Sex differences in the effect of cytochrome P450 2C19 polymorphisms on the risk of diabetic retinopathy: a retrospective longitudinal study in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2013. Kajiwara Ayami, et al. PubMed
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Utility of integrated pharmacogenomic testing to support the treatment of major depressive disorder in a psychiatric outpatient setting. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2013. Hall-Flavin Daniel K, et al. PubMed
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The association of cytochrome P450 genetic polymorphisms with sulfolane formation and the efficacy of a busulfan-based conditioning regimen in pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The pharmacogenomics journal. 2013. Uppugunduri C R S, et al. PubMed
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PON1 Q192R genotype influences clopidogrel responsiveness by relative platelet inhibition instead of on-treatment platelet reactivity. Thrombosis research. 2013. Li Xiaoqi, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19 Poor Metabolizer Is Associated with Clinical Outcome of Clopidogrel Therapy in Acute Myocardial Infarction but Not Stable Angina. Circulation. Cardiovascular genetics. 2013. Kim Ho-Sook, et al. PubMed
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Inhibition of cytochrome p450 enzymes by the e- and z-isomers of norendoxifen. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2013. Liu Jinzhong, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenetic polymorphisms and response to escitalopram and venlafaxine over 8 weeks in major depression. Human psychopharmacology. 2013. Ng Chee, et al. PubMed
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The impact of CYP2C19 genotype on cardiovascular events and platelet reactivity in patients with coronary artery disease receiving clopidogrel. International journal of cardiology. 2013. Tousoulis Dimitris, et al. PubMed
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Novel CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 variants identified in a patient with adverse reactions towards venlafaxine monotherapy and dual therapy with nortriptyline and fluoxetine. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2013. Chua Eng Wee, et al. PubMed
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Racial disparity with on-treatment platelet reactivity in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. American heart journal. 2013. Pendyala Lakshmana K, et al. PubMed
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Estimation of CYP2D6*10 genotypes on citalopram disposition in Chinese subjects by population pharmacokinetic assay. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics. 2013. Chen B, et al. PubMed
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Impact of the CYP2C19*17 polymorphism on the clinical outcome of clopidogrel therapy in Asian patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2013. Park Mahn-Won, et al. PubMed
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Effects of polymorphisms in ABCG2, SLCO1B1, SLC10A1 and CYP2C9/19 on plasma concentrations of rosuvastatin and lipid response in Chinese patients. Pharmacogenomics. 2013. Lee Hon-Kit, et al. PubMed
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CYP2D6 genotype in relation to tamoxifen efficacy in a Dutch cohort of the tamoxifen exemestane adjuvant multinational (TEAM) trial. Breast cancer research and treatment. 2013. Dezentjé V O, et al. PubMed
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Correlation of CYP2C19 Phenotype With Voriconazole Plasma Concentration in Children. Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology. 2013. Narita Atsushi, et al. PubMed
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Genetic determinants of high on-treatment platelet reactivity in clopidogrel treated Chinese patients. Thrombosis research. 2013. Zhang Lanning, et al. PubMed
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Influence of CYP2C19*2 and *3 loss-of-function alleles on the pharmacodynamic effects of standard- and high-dose clopidogrel in East Asians undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: the results of the ACCEL-DOUBLE-2N3 study. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH. 2013. Jeong Y-H, et al. PubMed
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The CYP2C19*17 Variant is not Independently Associated with Clopidogrel Response. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH. 2013. Lewis Jp, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19 polymorphisms and antiplatelet effects of clopidogrel in acute ischemic stroke in China. Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation. 2013. Jia Dong-mei, et al. PubMed
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Influence of CYP2C19 polymorphism and concomitant antiepileptic drugs on serum clobazam and N-desmethyl clobazam concentrations in patients with epilepsy. Therapeutic drug monitoring. 2013. Yamamoto Yoshiaki, et al. PubMed
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Impact of ABCC3/MRP3 -211C/T polymorphism on clopidogrel responsiveness in patients with percutaneous coronary intervention. Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology. 2013. Zou Jian-Jun, et al. PubMed
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Clinical Implementation of Pharmacogenetics: More than One Gene at a Time. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2013. Johnson J A, et al. PubMed
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Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guidelines for cytochrome P450-2C19 (CYP2C19) genotype and clopidogrel therapy: 2013 Update. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2013. Scott Stuart A, et al. PubMed
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Challenges in pharmacogenetics. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2013. Cascorbi Ingolf, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacokinetic model incorporating mechanism-based inactivation of CYP2D6 can explain both non-linear kinetics and drug interactions of paroxetine. International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2013. Mikami Akiko, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenomics of anti-platelet therapy: how much evidence is enough for clinical implementation?. Journal of human genetics. 2013. Perry Christina G, et al. PubMed
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Phenobarbital-induced severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions are associated with CYP2C19*2 in Thai children. Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. 2013. Manuyakorn Wiparat, et al. PubMed
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Impact of CYP2C9 polymorphisms on the vulnerability to pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions during acenocoumarol treatment. Pharmacogenomics. 2013. Gschwind Liliane, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19 genotype has a major influence on labetalol pharmacokinetics in healthy male Chinese subjects. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2013. Chan Sze Wa, et al. PubMed
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Influence of CYP2C19 loss-of-function variants on the antiplatelet effects and cardiovascular events in clopidogrel-treated Chinese patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2013. Zou Jian-Jun, et al. PubMed
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Anti-Parkinson's disease drugs and pharmacogenetic considerations. Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology. 2013. Agúndez José A G, et al. PubMed
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Besides CYP2C19, PON1 genetic variant influences post-clopidogrel platelet reactivity in Chinese patients. International journal of cardiology. 2013. Wu Hongyi, et al. PubMed
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Effect of CYP2C19*2 and *17 genetic variants on platelet response to clopidogrel and prasugrel maintenance dose and relation to bleeding complications. The American journal of cardiology. 2013. Grosdidier Charlotte, et al. PubMed
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Association of CYP2C19 Polymorphisms and Lansoprazole-Associated Respiratory Adverse Effects in Children. The Journal of pediatrics. 2013. Lima John J, et al. PubMed
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Efavirenz-mediated induction of omeprazole metabolism is CYP2C19 genotype dependent. The pharmacogenomics journal. 2013. Michaud V, et al. PubMed
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Influence of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 gene variants on antidepressant response in obsessive-compulsive disorder. The pharmacogenomics journal. 2013. Brandl E J, et al. PubMed
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Effects of coexisting polymorphisms of CYP2C19 and P2Y12 on clopidogrel responsiveness and clinical outcome in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing stent-based coronary intervention. Chinese medical journal. 2013. Tang Xiao-Fang, et al. PubMed
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Relationship Between CYP2C19 Loss-of-Function Polymorphism and Platelet Reactivities With Clopidogrel Treatment in Japanese Patients Undergoing Coronary Stent Implantation. Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society. 2013. Nakata Tomoyuki, et al. PubMed
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Relationship Between CYP2C19 Loss-of-Function Polymorphism and Platelet Reactivities With Clopidogrel Treatment in Japanese Patients Undergoing Coronary Stent Implantation. Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society. 2013. Nakata Tomoyuki, et al. PubMed
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Clopidogrel and warfarin pharmacogenetic tests: what is the evidence for use in clinical practice?. Current opinion in cardiology. 2013. Shahin Mohamed H A, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19 polymorphism and antiplatelet effects of clopidogrel in Chinese stroke patients. Die Pharmazie. 2013. Yang Jie, et al. PubMed
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Genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C19 influences the response to clopidogrel in ischemic heart disease patients in the South Indian Tamilian population. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2013. Subraja K, et al. PubMed
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Responsiveness to low-dose warfarin associated with genetic variants of VKORC1, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP4F2 in an Indonesian population. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2013. Rusdiana T, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacokinetics of intravenous voriconazole in obese patients: implications of CYP2C19 homozygous poor metabolizer genotype. Pharmacotherapy. 2013. Moriyama Brad, et al. PubMed
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Spaced administration of PA32540 and clopidogrel results in greater platelet inhibition than synchronous administration of enteric-coated aspirin and enteric-coated omeprazole and clopidogrel. American heart journal. 2013. Gurbel Paul A, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19*17 gain-of-function polymorphism is associated with peptic ulcer disease. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2013. Musumba C O, et al. PubMed
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Mutational analysis clopidogrel resistance and platelet function in patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting. Genomics. 2013. Correll Mick, et al. PubMed
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High-dose atorvastatin on the pharmacodynamic effects of double-dose clopidogrel in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions: The ACHIDO (Atorvastatin and Clopidogrel HIgh DOse in stable patients with residual high platelet activity) study. JACC. Cardiovascular interventions. 2013. Leoncini Mario, et al. PubMed
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Relationship of CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 Gene Polymorphism with Clopidogrel Response Variability and Recurrent Cardiovascular Events in Chinese Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Pharmacology. 2013. Liu Yamin, et al. PubMed
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Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium Guideline for CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 Genotypes and Dosing of Tricyclic Antidepressants. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2013. Hicks J K, et al. PubMed
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Clinical pharmacogenomics: opportunities and challenges at point of care. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2013. Scott S A. PubMed
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Amlodipine - Not a Significant Contributor to Clopidogrel Non-Response?. Heart (British Cardiac Society). 2013. Kreutz Rolf P, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenetics-based population pharmacokinetic analysis of etravirine in HIV-1 infected individuals. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2013. Lubomirov Rubin, et al. PubMed
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Role of pharmacogenetics in busulfan/cyclophosphamide conditioning therapy prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Pharmacogenomics. 2013. Hassan Moustapha, et al. PubMed
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Cardiovascular risk among patients on clopidogrel anti-platelet therapy after placement of drug-eluting stents is modified by genetic variants in both the CYP2C19 and ABCB1 genes. Thrombosis and haemostasis. 2013. Carlquist J F, et al. PubMed
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Cytochrome P450 3A4*22, PPAR-alpha, and ARNT polymorphisms and clopidogrel response. Clinical pharmacology : advances and applications. 2013. Kreutz Rolf P, et al. PubMed
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Regulatory polymorphisms in CYP2C19 affecting hepatic expression. Drug metabolism and drug interactions. 2013. Sanford Jonathan C, et al. PubMed
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Effect of the CYP2C19 genotype on the pharmacokinetics of icotinib in healthy male volunteers. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2012. Ruan Can-Jun, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19*2 and *17 alleles have a significant impact on platelet response and bleeding risk in patients treated with prasugrel after acute coronary syndrome. JACC. Cardiovascular interventions. 2012. Cuisset Thomas, et al. PubMed
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Is (+)-[(13)C]-pantoprazole better than (±)-[(13)C]-pantoprazole for the breath test to evaluate CYP2C19 enzyme activity?. Journal of breath research. 2012. Thacker David L, et al. PubMed
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Cytochrome P450-mediated drug metabolism in the brain. Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN. 2012. Miksys Sharon, et al. PubMed
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Human genetic variation of CYP450 superfamily: analysis of functional diversity in worldwide populations. Pharmacogenomics. 2012. Polimanti Renato, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenetics and beyond: variability of voriconazole plasma levels in a patient with primary immunodeficiency. Pharmacogenomics. 2012. Autmizguine Julie, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19 polymorphisms in the Thai population and the clinical response to clopidogrel in patients with atherothrombotic-risk factors. Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine. 2013. Sukasem Chonlaphat, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenetics and cardiovascular disease--implications for personalized medicine. Pharmacological reviews. 2013. Johnson Julie A, et al. PubMed
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Effects of VerifyNow P2Y12 test and CYP2C19*2 testing on clinical outcomes of patients with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Platelets. 2013. Yamaguchi Yusuke, et al. PubMed
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Effects of CYP2C19 loss-of-function variants on the eradication of H. pylori infection in patients treated with proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapy regimens: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. PloS one. 2013. Tang Hui-Lin, et al. PubMed
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Indirect estimation of the comparative treatment effect in pharmacogenomic subgroups. PloS one. 2013. Sorich Michael J, et al. PubMed
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Increased Hospital Stay and Allograft Disfunction in Renal Transplanted Patients with CYP2C19 AA Variant in SNP RS4244285. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2012. Boso Virginia, et al. PubMed
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Clarifying the importance of CYP2C19 and PON1 in the mechanism of clopidogrel bioactivation and in vivo antiplatelet response. European heart journal. 2012. Gong Inna Y, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19 genetics in fatal carisoprodol intoxications. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2012. Høiseth Gudrun, et al. PubMed
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Effect of the CYP2C19*2 and *3 genotypes, ABCB1 C3435T and PON1 Q192R alleles on the pharmacodynamics and adverse clinical events of clopidogrel in Chinese people after percutaneous coronary intervention. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2012. Tang Xiao-Fang, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenomics in clinical practice and drug development. Nature biotechnology. 2012. Harper Andrew R, et al. PubMed
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Genetic polymorphisms and novel allelic variants of CYP2C19 in the Chinese Han population. Pharmacogenomics. 2012. Hu Li-Ming, et al. PubMed
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Linkage disequilibrium between the CYP2C19*17 allele and other clinically important CYP2C allelic variants in a healthy Scandinavian population. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2012. Pedersen Rasmus Steen, et al. PubMed
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Similarity in recombination rate and linkage disequilibrium at CYP2C and CYP2D cytochrome P450 gene regions among Europeans indicates signs of selection and no advantage of using tagSNPs in population isolates. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2012. Pimenoff Ville N, et al. PubMed
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Interpreting Pharmacogenetic Data in the Developing Neonate: The Challenge of Hitting a Moving Target. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2012. Leeder J S, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19 polymorphism affects single-dose pharmacokinetics of oral pantoprazole in healthy volunteers. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2012. Gawrońska-Szklarz Barbara, et al. PubMed
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CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms and zolpidem metabolism in the Chinese Han population: A pilot study. Forensic science international. 2012. Shen Min, et al. PubMed
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Effects of CYP2C19 variant alleles on postclopidogrel platelet reactivity and clinical outcomes in an actual clinical setting in China. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2012. Wu Hongyi, et al. PubMed
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The paraoxonase-1 pathway is not a major bioactivation pathway of clopidogrel in vitro. British journal of pharmacology. 2012. Ancrenaz V, et al. PubMed
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Ability of rabeprazole to prevent gastric mucosal damage from clopidogrel and low doses of aspirin depends on CYP2C19 genotype. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association. 2012. Uotani Takahiro, et al. PubMed
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The AmpliChip® CYP450 test and response to treatment in schizophrenia and obsessive compulsive disorder: a pilot study and focus on cases with abnormal CYP2D6 drug metabolism. Genetic testing and molecular biomarkers. 2012. Müller Daniel J, et al. PubMed
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Value of platelet pharmacogenetics in common clinical practice of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. International journal of cardiology. 2012. Verschuren Jeffrey J W, et al. PubMed
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Meta-analysis of cytochrome P450 2C19 polymorphism and risk of adverse clinical outcomes among coronary artery disease patients of different ethnic groups treated with clopidogrel. The American journal of cardiology. 2012. Jang Jae-Sik, et al. PubMed
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Protease activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) mediated platelet aggregation is dependant on clopidogrel response. Thrombosis research. 2012. Kreutz Rolf P, et al. PubMed
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A case report of voriconazole therapy failure in a homozygous ultrarapid CYP2C19*17/*17 patient comedicated with carbamazepine. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2012. Malingré Mirte M, et al. PubMed
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Operational implementation of prospective genotyping for personalized medicine: the design of the Vanderbilt PREDICT project. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2012. Pulley J M, et al. PubMed
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The Dual Role of Pharmacogenetics in HIV Treatment: Mutations and Polymorphisms Regulating Antiretroviral Drug Resistance and Disposition. Pharmacological reviews. 2012. Michaud Veronique, et al. PubMed
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Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between cytochrome P450 2C19 genotype and bleeding. Thrombosis and haemostasis. 2012. Sorich Michael J, et al. PubMed
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Factors associated with the failure of clopidogrel dose-adjustment according to platelet reactivity monitoring to optimize P2Y12-ADP receptor blockade. Thrombosis research. 2012. Bonello Laurent, et al. PubMed
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Effects of cytochrome P450 (CYP)2C19 polymorphisms on pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital in neonates and infants with seizures. Archives of disease in childhood. 2012. Lee Soon Min, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenetics of clopidogrel: comparison between a standard and a rapid genetic testing. Genetic testing and molecular biomarkers. 2012. Saracini Claudia, et al. PubMed
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PharmGKB summary: phenytoin pathway. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2012. Thorn Caroline F, et al. PubMed
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Effects of CYP4F2 gene polymorphisms on warfarin clearance and sensitivity in Korean patients with mechanical cardiac valves. Therapeutic drug monitoring. 2012. Lee Kyung-Eun, et al. PubMed
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Relationship between cytochrome P450 2C19*17 genotype distribution, platelet aggregation and bleeding risk in patients with blood stasis syndrome of coronary artery disease treated with clopidogrel. Zhong xi yi jie he xue bao = Journal of Chinese integrative medicine. 2012. Dai Ze-long, et al. PubMed
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Clopidogrel: a case for indication-specific pharmacogenetics. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2012. Johnson J A, et al. PubMed
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Evaluation of lansoprazole as a probe for assessing cytochrome P450 2C19 activity and genotype-phenotype correlation in childhood. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2012. Gumus Ersin, et al. PubMed
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Meta-analysis of contribution of genetic polymorphisms in drug-metabolizing enzymes or transporters to axitinib pharmacokinetics. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2012. Brennan Meghan, et al. PubMed
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Influence of genetic polymorphisms on the effect of high- and standard-dose clopidogrel after percutaneous coronary intervention: the GIFT (Genotype Information and Functional Testing) study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2012. Price Matthew J, et al. PubMed
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Point-of-care genetic testing for personalisation of antiplatelet treatment (RAPID GENE): a prospective, randomised, proof-of-concept trial. Lancet. 2012. Roberts Jason D, et al. PubMed
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Neurological toxicity after phenytoin infusion in a pediatric patient with epilepsy: influence of CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and ABCB1 genetic polymorphisms. The pharmacogenomics journal. 2012. Dorado P, et al. PubMed
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A comparison of the acid-inhibitory effects of esomeprazole and rabeprazole in relation to pharmacokinetics and CYP2C19 polymorphism. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics. 2012. Hunfeld N G, et al. PubMed
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The impact of genetic polymorphisms of P2Y12, CYP3A5 and CYP2C19 on clopidogrel response variability in Iranian patients. Biochemical pharmacology. 2012. Namazi Soha, et al. PubMed
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Interaction analysis between genetic polymorphisms and pharmacodynamic effect in patients treated with adjunctive cilostazol to dual antiplatelet therapy: results of the ACCEL-TRIPLE (Accelerated Platelet Inhibition by Triple Antiplatelet Therapy According to Gene Polymorphism) study. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2012. Kim In-Suk, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19 genotype and cardiovascular events. JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association. 2012. Shuldiner Alan R, et al. PubMed
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Cardiovascular pharmacogenomics: current status and future directions-report of a national heart, lung, and blood institute working group. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2012. Musunuru Kiran, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19 and PON1 polymorphisms regulating clopidogrel bioactivation in Chinese, Malay and Indian subjects. Pharmacogenomics. 2012. Chan Mark Y, et al. PubMed
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Multi-ethnic distribution of clinically relevant CYP2C genotypes and haplotypes. The pharmacogenomics journal. 2012. Martis S, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19*2 and other genetic variants affecting platelet response to clopidogrel in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Thrombosis research. 2012. Kassimis George, et al. PubMed
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Induction of CYP2C19 and CYP3A activity following repeated administration of efavirenz in healthy volunteers. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2012. Michaud V, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19 genotype predicts steady state escitalopram concentration in GENDEP. Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England). 2012. Huezo-Diaz Patricia, et al. PubMed
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Predicting clopidogrel response using DNA samples linked to an electronic health record. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2012. Delaney J T, et al. PubMed
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The gain-of-function variant allele CYP2C19*17: a double-edged sword between thrombosis and bleeding in clopidogrel-treated patients. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH. 2012. Li Y, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics following maintenance doses of prasugrel and clopidogrel in Chinese carriers of CYP2C19 variants. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2012. Kelly Ronan P, et al. PubMed
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The population pharmacokinetics of R- and S-warfarin: effect of genetic and clinical factors. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2012. Lane Steven, et al. PubMed
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Association of cytochrome P450 2C19*2 polymorphism with clopidogrel response variability and cardiovascular events in Koreans treated with drug-eluting stents. Heart (British Cardiac Society). 2012. Oh Il-Young, et al. PubMed
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The influence of CYP2C19*2 and *17 on on-treatment platelet reactivity and bleeding events in patients undergoing elective coronary stenting. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2012. Harmsze Ankie M, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenetics of drugs withdrawn from the market. Pharmacogenomics. 2012. Zhang Wei, et al. PubMed
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Effect of CYP2C19*2 and *3 loss-of-function alleles on platelet reactivity and adverse clinical events in East Asian acute myocardial infarction survivors treated with clopidogrel and aspirin. Circulation. Cardiovascular interventions. 2011. Jeong Young-Hoon, et al. PubMed
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Influence of paraoxonase-1 Q192R and cytochrome P450 2C19 polymorphisms on clopidogrel response. Clinical pharmacology : advances and applications. 2012. Kreutz Rolf P, et al. PubMed
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Whole genome amplification of DNA for genotyping pharmacogenetics candidate genes. Frontiers in pharmacology. 2012. Philips Santosh, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19 genotype, clopidogrel metabolism, platelet function, and cardiovascular events: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association. 2011. Holmes Michael V, et al. PubMed
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Antiplatelet effects of prasugrel vs. double clopidogrel in patients on hemodialysis and with high on-treatment platelet reactivity. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH. 2011. Alexopoulos D, et al. PubMed
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Genetic variants in CYP (-1A2, -2C9, -2C19, -3A4 and -3A5), VKORC1 and ABCB1 genes in a black South African population: a window into diversity. Pharmacogenomics. 2011. Dandara Collet, et al. PubMed
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High on-treatment platelet reactivity by ADP and increased risk of MACE in good clopidogrel metabolizers. Platelets. 2012. Marcucci Rossella, et al. PubMed
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Paraoxonase-1 is not a major determinant of stent thrombosis in a Taiwanese population. PloS one. 2012. Chen Dong-Yi, et al. PubMed
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Voriconazole-related severe adverse events: clinical application of therapeutic drug monitoring in Korean patients. International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases. 2011. Kim Si-Hyun, et al. PubMed
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Dosing Clopidogrel Based on CYP2C19 Genotype and the Effect on Platelet Reactivity in Patients With Stable Cardiovascular Disease. JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association. 2011. Mega Jessica L, et al. PubMed
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Prolonged half-life of voriconazole in a CYP2C19 homozygous poor metabolizer receiving vincristine chemotherapy: avoiding a serious adverse drug interaction. Mycoses. 2011. Moriyama Brad, et al. PubMed
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Integration of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination genotyping data into a population pharmacokinetic analysis of nevirapine. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2011. Lehr Thorsten, et al. PubMed
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Evaluation of a microarray-based genotyping assay for the rapid detection of cytochrome P450 2C19 *2 and *3 polymorphisms from whole blood using nanoparticle probes. American journal of clinical pathology. 2011. Buchan Blake W, et al. PubMed
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Variability in response to clopidogrel: how important are pharmacogenetics and drug interactions?. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2011. Ma Terry K W, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19 But Not PON1 Genetic Variants Influence Clopidogrel Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Clinical Efficacy in Post-Myocardial Infarction Patients. Circulation. Cardiovascular interventions. 2011. Hulot Jean-Sébastien, et al. PubMed
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Effect of paraoxonase-1 polymorphism on clinical outcomes in patients treated with clopidogrel after an acute myocardial infarction. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2011. Simon T, et al. PubMed
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Clinical, angiographic, and genetic factors associated with early coronary stent thrombosis. JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association. 2011. Cayla Guillaume, et al. PubMed
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PharmGKB summary: very important pharmacogene information for cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 19. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2011. Scott Stuart A, et al. PubMed
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SULT1A1, CYP2C19 and disease-free survival in early breast cancer patients receiving tamoxifen. Pharmacogenomics. 2011. Moyer Ann M, et al. PubMed
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Enantiomers of naringenin as pleiotropic, stereoselective inhibitors of cytochrome P450 isoforms. Chirality. 2011. Lu Wenjie Jessie, et al. PubMed
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Stereoselective pharmacokinetics of stable isotope (+/-)-[(13) C]-pantoprazole: Implications for a rapid screening phenotype test of CYP2C19 activity. Chirality. 2011. Thacker David L, et al. PubMed
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Impact of genetic variants on post-clopidogrel platelet reactivity in patients after elective percutaneous coronary intervention. Pharmacogenomics. 2011. Rideg Orsolya, et al. PubMed
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Possible role of CYP2C9 & CYP2C19 single nucleotide polymorphisms in drug refractory epilepsy. The Indian journal of medical research. 2011. Lakhan Ram, et al. PubMed
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Evaluation of the effects of 18 non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms of CYP450 2C19 on in vitro drug inhibition potential by a fluorescence-based high-throughput assay. Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems. 2011. Wang Huijuan, et al. PubMed
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Cytochrome P450 2C19 polymorphism is associated with reduced clopidogrel response in cerebrovascular disease. Yonsei medical journal. 2011. Lee Jun-Beom, et al. PubMed
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The tamoxifen metabolite norendoxifen is a potent and selective inhibitor of aromatase (CYP19) and a potential lead compound for novel therapeutic agents. Breast cancer research and treatment. 2011. Lu Wenjie Jessie, et al. PubMed
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Genetic polymorphisms and the impact of a higher clopidogrel dose regimen on active metabolite exposure and antiplatelet response in healthy subjects. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2011. Simon T, et al. PubMed
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Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) Gene Variants Are Not Associated With Clopidogrel Response. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2011. Lewis J P, et al. PubMed
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Loading and maintenance dose algorithms for phenprocoumon and acenocoumarol using patient characteristics and pharmacogenetic data. European heart journal. 2011. van Schie Rianne M F, et al. PubMed
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Variability in on-treatment platelet reactivity explained by CYP2C19*2 genotype is modest in clopidogrel pretreated patients undergoing coronary stenting. Heart (British Cardiac Society). 2011. Bouman Heleen J, et al. PubMed
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The CYP2C19*2 genotype predicts tamoxifen treatment outcome in advanced breast cancer patients. Pharmacogenomics. 2011. van Schaik Ron H N, et al. PubMed
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Cytochrome P450 Polymorphisms and their Relationship with Premature Ovarian Failure in Premenopausal Women with Breast Cancer Receiving Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide. The breast journal. 2011. Wessels Alette M, et al. PubMed
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Prospective-retrospective biomarker analysis for regulatory consideration: white paper from the industry pharmacogenomics working group. Pharmacogenomics. 2011. Patterson Scott D, et al. PubMed
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Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium Guidelines for Cytochrome P450-2C19 (CYP2C19) Genotype and Clopidogrel Therapy. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2011. Scott S A, et al. PubMed
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Carrying one or two reduced-function CYP2C19 alleles is associated with an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in people undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and treated with clopidogrel. Evidence-based medicine. 2011. Ramirez Andrea H, et al. PubMed
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Carvedilol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in relation to CYP2D6 and ADRB pharmacogenetics. Pharmacogenomics. 2011. Sehrt Daniel, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenomics of the triazole antifungal agent voriconazole. Pharmacogenomics. 2011. Mikus Gerd, et al. PubMed
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Impact of CYP2D6, CYP3A5, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 polymorphisms on tamoxifen pharmacokinetics in Asian breast cancer patients. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2011. Lim Joanne S L, et al. PubMed
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Evaluation of a CYP2C19 genotype panel on the GenMark eSensor® platform and the comparison to the Autogenomics Infiniti™ and Luminex CYP2C19 panels. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry. 2011. Lee Christine C, et al. PubMed
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Activity Levels of Tamoxifen Metabolites at the Estrogen Receptor and the Impact of Genetic Polymorphisms of Phase I and II Enzymes on Their Concentration Levels in Plasma. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2011. Mürdter T E, et al. PubMed
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Evaluation of the effects of 20 nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms of CYP2C19 on S-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylation and omeprazole 5'-hydroxylation. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2011. Wang Huijuan, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenomics: the genetics of variable drug responses. Circulation. 2011. Roden Dan M, et al. PubMed
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No association of paraoxonase-1 Q192R genotypes with platelet response to clopidogrel and risk of stent thrombosis after coronary stenting. European heart journal. 2011. Sibbing Dirk, et al. PubMed
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Cilostazol attenuates on-treatment platelet reactivity in patients with CYP2C19 loss of function alleles receiving dual antiplatelet therapy: a genetic substudy of the CILON-T randomised controlled trial. Heart (British Cardiac Society). 2011. Park Kyung Woo, et al. PubMed
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Voriconazole toxicity related to polymorphisms in CYP2C19. Internal medicine journal. 2011. Suan D, et al. PubMed
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Platelet inhibition by adjunctive cilostazol versus high maintenance-dose clopidogrel in patients with acute myocardial infarction according to cytochrome P450 2C19 genotype. JACC. Cardiovascular interventions. 2011. Kim In-Suk, et al. PubMed
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Clinical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacogenetic determinants of clopidogrel resistance in Korean patients with acute coronary syndrome. The Korean journal of laboratory medicine. 2011. Park Kyoung-Jin, et al. PubMed
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The relation between CYP2C19 genotype and phenotype in stented patients on maintenance dual antiplatelet therapy. American heart journal. 2011. Gurbel Paul A, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenetics: From Bench to Byte- An Update of Guidelines. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2011. Swen J J, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenomics of the RNA world: structural RNA polymorphisms in drug therapy. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2011. Sadee W, et al. PubMed
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Effect of cytochrome P450 2C19 genotype on voriconazole exposure in cystic fibrosis lung transplant patients. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2011. Berge Maud, et al. PubMed
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Impact of CYP2C19 polymorphism on residual platelet reactivity in patients with coronary heart disease during antiplatelet therapy. Journal of cardiology. 2011. Yamamoto Koichiro, et al. PubMed
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Effect of CYP2C19 Polymorphism on the Pharmacokinetics of Voriconazole After Single and Multiple Doses in Healthy Volunteers. Journal of clinical pharmacology. 2011. Lee Seunghwan, et al. PubMed
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Cytochrome P450 2C19 polymorphism is associated with poor clinical outcomes in coronary artery disease patients treated with clopidogrel. Molecular biology reports. 2011. Jin Bo, et al. PubMed
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Role of omeprazole dosage and cytochrome P450 2C19 genotype in patients receiving omeprazole-amoxicillin dual therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Pharmacotherapy. 2011. Yang Jyh-Chin, et al. PubMed
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Genomics and drug response. The New England journal of medicine. 2011. Wang Liewei, et al. PubMed
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Identification of CYP2C19*4B: pharmacogenetic implications for drug metabolism including clopidogrel responsiveness. The pharmacogenomics journal. 2011. Scott S A, et al. PubMed
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Differential Impacts of CYP2C19 Gene Polymorphisms on the Antiplatelet Effects of Clopidogrel and Ticlopidine. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2011. Maeda A, et al. PubMed
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NAT2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2E1 genetic polymorphisms in anti-TB drug-induced maculopapular eruption. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2011. Kim Sang-Heon, et al. PubMed
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Global patterns of genetic diversity and signals of natural selection for human ADME genes. Human molecular genetics. 2011. Li Jing, et al. PubMed
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Genetic substudy of the PLATO trial. Lancet. 2011. Hulot Jean-Sébastien, et al. PubMed
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Modulators of very low voriconazole concentrations in routine therapeutic drug monitoring. Therapeutic drug monitoring. 2011. Hassan Arwa, et al. PubMed
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Clinical Events as a Function of Proton Pump Inhibitor Use, Clopidogrel Use, and Cytochrome P450 2C19 Genotype in a Large Nationwide Cohort of Acute Myocardial Infarction: Results From the French Registry of Acute ST-Elevation and Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (FAST-MI) Registry. Circulation. 2011. Simon Tabassome, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenetics and Clopidogrel Response in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Interventions. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2011. Beitelshees A L, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19 variation and citalopram response. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2011. Mrazek David A, et al. PubMed
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Practical recommendations for pharmacogenomics-based prescription: 2010 ESF-UB Conference on Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics. Pharmacogenomics. 2011. Becquemont Laurent, et al. PubMed
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The cytochrome 2C19*2 and *3 alleles attenuate response to clopidogrel similarly in East Asian patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention. Thrombosis research. 2011. Hwang Seok-Jae, et al. PubMed
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Impact of cytochrome P450 2C19*2 polymorphism on intra-stent thrombus after drug-eluting stent implantation in Japanese patients receiving clopidogrel. Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society. 2010. Sawada Takahiro, et al. PubMed
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Breaking Barriers in the Genomics and Pharmacogenetics of Drug Addiction. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2010. Ho M K, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C9*3 alleles are associated with stent thrombosis: a case-control study. European heart journal. 2010. Harmsze Ankie M, et al. PubMed
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Linkage disequilibrium between the CYP2C19*17 allele and wildtype CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 alleles: identification of CYP2C haplotypes in healthy Nordic populations. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2010. Pedersen Rasmus S, et al. PubMed
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The effect of cytochrome P2C19 and interleukin-1 polymorphisms on H. pylori eradication rate of 1-week triple therapy with omeprazole or rabeprazole, amoxycillin and clarithromycin in Chinese people. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics. 2010. Zhang L, et al. PubMed
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Antidepressant-induced akathisia-related homicides associated with diminishing mutations in metabolizing genes of the CYP450 family. Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine. 2011. Lucire Yolande, et al. PubMed
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Global pharmacogenomics: Impact of population diversity on the distribution of polymorphisms in the CYP2C cluster among Brazilians. The pharmacogenomics journal. 2010. Suarez-Kurtz G, et al. PubMed
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The influence of CYP 2C19*2 polymorphism on platelet function testing during single antiplatelet treatment with clopidogrel. Thrombosis journal. 2011. Pettersen Alf-Aage R, et al. PubMed
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Impact of CYP2C19 polymorphism and smoking on response to clopidogrel in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Chinese medical journal. 2010. Liu Xiao-Li, et al. PubMed
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Efficacy and tolerability of first-line triple therapy with levofloxacin and amoxicillin plus esomeprazole or rabeprazole for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection and the effect of CYP2C19 genotype: a 1-week, randomized, open-label study in Chinese adults. Clinical therapeutics. 2010. Pan Xiaolin, et al. PubMed
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Effects of erythromycin on voriconazole pharmacokinetics and association with CYP2C19 polymorphism. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2010. Shi Hui-Yan, et al. PubMed
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Pre-procedural platelet reactivity after clopidogrel loading in korean patients undergoing scheduled percutaneous coronary intervention. Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis. 2010. Kang Min-Kyung, et al. PubMed
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Clopidogrel loading dose adjustment according to platelet reactivity monitoring in patients carrying the 2C19*2 loss of function polymorphism. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2010. Bonello Laurent, et al. PubMed
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Systematic review of pharmacoeconomic studies of pharmacogenomic tests. Pharmacogenomics. 2010. Beaulieu Mathieu, et al. PubMed
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Characterization of 107 genomic DNA reference materials for CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, VKORC1, and UGT1A1: a GeT-RM and Association for Molecular Pathology collaborative project. The Journal of molecular diagnostics : JMD. 2010. Pratt Victoria M, et al. PubMed
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Letter by Gurbel et al regarding article, "Cytochrome 2C19*17 allelic variant, platelet aggregation, bleeding events, and stent thrombosis in clopidogrel-treated patients with coronary stent placement". Circulation. 2010. Gurbel Paul A, et al. PubMed
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Impact of genetic polymorphisms and drug-drug interactions on clopidogrel and prasugrel response variability. Current drug metabolism. 2010. Ancrenaz V, et al. PubMed
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Pilot study of the antiplatelet effect of increased clopidogrel maintenance dosing and its relationship to CYP2C19 genotype in patients with high on-treatment reactivity. JACC. Cardiovascular interventions. 2010. Barker Colin M, et al. PubMed
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Clopidogrel and the reduced-function CYP2C19 genetic variant: a limited piece of the overall therapeutic puzzle. JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association. 2010. Fuster Valentin, et al. PubMed
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Reduced-function CYP2C19 genotype and risk of adverse clinical outcomes among patients treated with clopidogrel predominantly for PCI: a meta-analysis. JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association. 2010. Mega Jessica L, et al. PubMed
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Effect of CYP2C19 and ABCB1 single nucleotide polymorphisms on outcomes of treatment with ticagrelor versus clopidogrel for acute coronary syndromes: a genetic substudy of the PLATO trial. Lancet. 2010. Wallentin Lars, et al. PubMed
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Genetic variants in ABCB1 and CYP2C19 and cardiovascular outcomes after treatment with clopidogrel and prasugrel in the TRITON-TIMI 38 trial: a pharmacogenetic analysis. Lancet. 2010. Mega Jessica L, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19*2 polymorphism is associated with increased survival in breast cancer patients using tamoxifen. Pharmacogenomics. 2010. Ruiter Rikje, et al. PubMed
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Effects of CYP2C19 genotype on outcomes of clopidogrel treatment. The New England journal of medicine. 2010. Paré Guillaume, et al. PubMed
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Protective effect of the CYP2C19 *17 polymorphism with increased activation of clopidogrel on cardiovascular events. American heart journal. 2010. Tiroch Klaus A, et al. PubMed
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Association between CYP2C19 polymorphism and depressive symptoms. American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics. 2010. Sim Sarah C, et al. PubMed
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Clinically significant CYP2C inhibition by noscapine but not by glucosamine. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2010. Rosenborg S, et al. PubMed
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High frequency of occurrence of CYP2D6 gene duplication/multiduplication indicating ultrarapid metabolism among suicide cases. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2010. Zackrisson A L, et al. PubMed
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Responding to the clopidogrel warning by the US food and drug administration: real life is complicated. Circulation. 2010. Roden Dan M, et al. PubMed
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Rabeprazole can overcome the impact of CYP2C19 polymorphism on quadruple therapy. Helicobacter. 2010. Kuo Chao-Hung, et al. PubMed
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Isolated and interactive impact of common CYP2C19 genetic variants on the antiplatelet effect of chronic clopidogrel therapy. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH. 2010. Sibbing D, et al. PubMed
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Prasugrel vs. clopidogrel for cytochrome P450 2C19-genotyped subgroups: integration of the TRITON-TIMI 38 trial data. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH. 2010. Sorich M J, et al. PubMed
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Characterization of the genetic profile of CYP2C19 in two South African populations. Pharmacogenomics. 2010. Drögemöller Britt I, et al. PubMed
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Carriage of cytochrome 2C19 polymorphism is associated with risk of high post-treatment platelet reactivity on high maintenance-dose clopidogrel of 150 mg/day: results of the ACCEL-DOUBLE (Accelerated Platelet Inhibition by a Double Dose of Clopidogrel According to Gene Polymorphism) study. JACC. Cardiovascular interventions. 2010. Jeong Young-Hoon, et al. PubMed
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ACCF/AHA clopidogrel clinical alert: approaches to the FDA "boxed warning": a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on clinical expert consensus documents and the American Heart Association endorsed by the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2010. Holmes David R, et al. PubMed
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Cardiovascular risk in clopidogrel-treated patients according to cytochrome P450 2C19*2 loss-of-function allele or proton pump inhibitor coadministration: a systematic meta-analysis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2010. Hulot Jean-Sébastien, et al. PubMed
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Genotyping: one piece of the puzzle to personalize antiplatelet therapy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2010. Gurbel Paul A, et al. PubMed
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Clopidogrel pathway. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2010. Sangkuhl Katrin, et al. PubMed
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Genetic profile of patients with epilepsy on first-line antiepileptic drugs and potential directions for personalized treatment. Pharmacogenomics. 2010. Grover Sandeep, et al. PubMed
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Influence of CYP2C19 on the relationship between pharmacokinetics and intragastric pH of omeprazole administered by successive intravenous infusions in Chinese healthy volunteers. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2010. Wang Yongqing, et al. PubMed
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The Influence of CYP2C19 Polymorphism on Eradication of Helicobacter pylori: A Prospective Randomized Study of Lansoprazole and Rabeprazole. Gut and liver. 2010. Lee Jeong Hoon, et al. PubMed
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Impact of cytochrome P450 2C19 loss-of-function polymorphism and of major demographic characteristics on residual platelet function after loading and maintenance treatment with clopidogrel in patients undergoing elective coronary stent placement. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2010. Hochholzer Willibald, et al. PubMed
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Platelet pharmacogenomics. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH. 2010. Zuern C S, et al. PubMed
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Association between CYP2C19*17 and metabolism of amitriptyline, citalopram and clomipramine in Dutch hospitalized patients. The pharmacogenomics journal. 2010. de Vos A, et al. PubMed
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The CYP2C19*17 genotype is associated with lower imipramine plasma concentrations in a large group of depressed patients. The pharmacogenomics journal. 2010. Schenk P W, et al. PubMed
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A comparison of the acid-inhibitory effects of esomeprazole and pantoprazole in relation to pharmacokinetics and CYP2C19 polymorphism. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics. 2010. Hunfeld N G, et al. PubMed
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Contributions of human cytochrome P450 enzymes to glyburide metabolism. Biopharmaceutics & drug disposition. 2010. Zhou Lin, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenetics of CYP2C19: functional and clinical implications of a new variant CYP2C19*17. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2010. Li-Wan-Po Alain, et al. PubMed
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Cytochrome 2C19*17 allelic variant, platelet aggregation, bleeding events, and stent thrombosis in clopidogrel-treated patients with coronary stent placement. Circulation. 2010. Sibbing Dirk, et al. PubMed
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A Phenotype-Genotype Approach to Predicting CYP450 and P-Glycoprotein Drug Interactions With the Mixed Inhibitor/Inducer Tipranavir/Ritonavir. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2010. Dumond J B, et al. PubMed
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Identification of the human cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the two oxidative steps in the bioactivation of clopidogrel to its pharmacologically active metabolite. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2010. Kazui Miho, et al. PubMed
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Impact of the CYP2C19*17 Allele on the Pharmacokinetics of Omeprazole and Pantoprazole in Children: Evidence for a Differential Effect. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2010. Kearns Gregory L, et al. PubMed
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Evaluation of the influence of sex and CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 polymorphisms in the disposition of citalopram. European journal of pharmacology. 2010. Fudio Salvador, et al. PubMed
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Relation of CYP2C19 loss-of-function polymorphism to the occurrence of stent thrombosis. Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology. 2010. Giusti Betti, et al. PubMed
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Effect of age, weight, and CYP2C19 genotype on escitalopram exposure. Journal of clinical pharmacology. 2010. Jin Yuyan, et al. PubMed
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Metabolism and disposition of the thienopyridine antiplatelet drugs ticlopidine, clopidogrel, and prasugrel in humans. Journal of clinical pharmacology. 2010. Farid Nagy A, et al. PubMed
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Clinical assessment incorporating a personal genome. Lancet. 2010. Ashley Euan A, et al. PubMed
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The transcription factor GATA-4 regulates cytochrome P4502C19 gene expression. Life sciences. 2010. Mwinyi Jessica, et al. PubMed
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Besides CYP2C19*2, the variant allele CYP2C9*3 is associated with higher on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity in patients on dual antiplatelet therapy undergoing elective coronary stent implantation. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2010. Harmsze Ankie, et al. PubMed
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Impact of genetic and acquired alteration in cytochrome P450 system on pharmacologic and clinical response to clopidogrel. Pharmacology & therapeutics. 2010. Ma Terry K W, et al. PubMed
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Genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 enzymes influence metabolism of the antidepressant escitalopram and treatment response. Pharmacogenomics. 2010. Tsai Ming-Hsien, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenetics of cyclophosphamide and CYP2C19 polymorphism in Thai systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology international. 2010. Ngamjanyaporn Pintip, et al. PubMed
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Influence of pharmacogenetics on response and toxicity in breast cancer patients treated with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide. British journal of cancer. 2010. Bray J, et al. PubMed
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Cytochrome P450 2C19(*)2 polymorphism and cardiovascular recurrences in patients taking clopidogrel: a meta-analysis. The pharmacogenomics journal. 2010. Sofi F, et al. PubMed
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Efficacy of tamoxifen based on cytochrome P450 2D6, CYP2C19 and SULT1A1 genotype in the Italian Tamoxifen Prevention Trial. The pharmacogenomics journal. 2010. Serrano D, et al. PubMed
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Alteration of pharmacokinetics of proguanil in healthy volunteers following concurrent administration of efavirenz. European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2010. Soyinka Julius Olugbenga, et al. PubMed
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SNPs in genes coding for ROS metabolism and signalling in association with docetaxel clearance. The pharmacogenomics journal. 2010. Edvardsen H, et al. PubMed
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Molecular genetics and epigenetics of the cytochrome P450 gene family and its relevance for cancer risk and treatment. Human genetics. 2010. Rodriguez-Antona Cristina, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacokinetics and safety of 14 days intravenous voriconazole in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy. 2010. Brüggemann Roger J M, et al. PubMed
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Identification of the major human hepatic and placental enzymes responsible for the biotransformation of glyburide. Biochemical pharmacology. 2009. Zharikova Olga L, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacokinetics, metabolism and bioavailability of the triazole antifungal agent voriconazole in relation to CYP2C19 genotype. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2009. Scholz Ina, et al. PubMed
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Cytochrome P450 2C19 polymorphism, suboptimal reperfusion and all-cause mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Cardiology. 2010. Małek Lukasz A, et al. PubMed
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Effects of CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 genotypes on pharmacokinetic variability of valproic acid in Chinese epileptic patients: nonlinear mixed-effect modeling. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2009. Jiang Dechun, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and ABCB1 genotype and hospitalization for phenytoin toxicity. Journal of clinical pharmacology. 2009. Hennessy Sean, et al. PubMed
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Genetic testing for CYP450 polymorphisms to predict response to clopidogrel: current evidence and test availability. Application: pharmacogenomics. PLoS currents. 2010. Ned Mmsc Phd Renée M. PubMed
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Pharmacogenetics of antimalarial drugs: effect on metabolism and transport. The Lancet infectious diseases. 2009. Kerb Reinhold, et al. PubMed
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Genetic polymorphism, linkage disequilibrium, haplotype structure and novel allele analysis of CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 in Han Chinese. The pharmacogenomics journal. 2009. Zhou Q, et al. PubMed
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Association of CYP2B6, CYP3A5, and CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms with sibutramine pharmacokinetics in healthy Korean subjects. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2009. Kim K A, et al. PubMed
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Genetic polymorphisms of drug-metabolizing enzymes and anti-TB drug-induced hepatitis. Pharmacogenomics. 2009. Kim Sang-Heon, et al. PubMed
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Inhibition of drug metabolizing cytochrome P450s by the aromatase inhibitor drug letrozole and its major oxidative metabolite 4,4'-methanol-bisbenzonitrile in vitro. Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology. 2009. Jeong Seongwook, et al. PubMed
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Investigation of the influence of CYP1A2 and CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism on 2-Cyano-3-hydroxy-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-butenamide (A77 1726) pharmacokinetics in leflunomide-treated patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2009. Bohanec Grabar Petra, et al. PubMed
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Genetic and environmental factors determining clinical outcomes and cost of warfarin therapy: a prospective study. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2009. Jorgensen Andrea L, et al. PubMed
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Influence of CYP3A and CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of cilostazol in healthy subjects. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2009. Yoo H-D, et al. PubMed
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Is there a place for drug combination strategies using clinical pharmacology attributes?--review of current trends in research. Current clinical pharmacology. 2009. Srinivas Nuggehally R. PubMed
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Cytochrome P450 CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 genes are not associated with response and remission in a sample of depressive patients. International clinical psychopharmacology. 2009. Serretti Alessandro, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenetics in cardiovascular antithrombotic therapy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2009. Marín Francisco, et al. PubMed
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Effects of genetic variation at the CYP2C19/CYP2C9 locus on pharmacokinetics of chlorcycloguanil in adult Gambians. Pharmacogenomics. 2009. Janha Ramatoulie E, et al. PubMed
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Valproic acid at therapeutic plasma levels may increase 5-azacytidine efficacy in higher risk myelodysplastic syndromes. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. 2009. Voso Maria Teresa, et al. PubMed
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ABCB1 and cytochrome P450 polymorphisms: clinical pharmacogenetics of clozapine. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology. 2009. Jaquenoud Sirot Eveline, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19 genotype is associated with symptomatic recurrence of GERD during maintenance therapy with low-dose lansoprazole. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2009. Furuta Takahisa, et al. PubMed
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Correlation between voriconazole trough plasma concentration and hepatotoxicity in patients with different CYP2C19 genotypes. International journal of antimicrobial agents. 2009. Matsumoto Kazuaki, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenetics of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and associated adverse drug reactions. Pharmacotherapy. 2009. Thomas Kelan L H, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenetics of anxiolytic drugs. Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996). 2009. Tiwari Arun K, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacokinetic- pharmacodynamic analysis of the role of CYP2C19 genotypes in short-term rabeprazole-based triple therapy against Helicobacter pylori. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2009. Yang Jyh-Chin, et al. PubMed
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Can we override clopidogrel resistance?. Circulation. 2009. Pena Ana, et al. PubMed
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Cytochrome P450 genetic polymorphisms and the response to prasugrel: relationship to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and clinical outcomes. Circulation. 2009. Mega Jessica L, et al. PubMed
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Impact of CYP2C19 polymorphisms on the antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel in an actual clinical setting in Japan. Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society. 2009. Jinnai Toshikazu, et al. PubMed
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Identification of a novel CYP2C19-mediated metabolic pathway of S-citalopram in vitro. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2009. Rudberg I, et al. PubMed
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Identification of new CYP2C19 variants exhibiting decreased enzyme activity in the metabolism of S-mephenytoin and omeprazole. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2009. Lee Su-Jun, et al. PubMed
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Cytochrome P450 2C19 loss-of-function polymorphism and stent thrombosis following percutaneous coronary intervention. European heart journal. 2009. Sibbing Dirk, et al. PubMed
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Genetic variation of CYP2C19 affects both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic responses to clopidogrel but not prasugrel in aspirin-treated patients with coronary artery disease. European heart journal. 2009. Varenhorst Christoph, et al. PubMed
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P2Y(12) inhibitors: differences in properties and mechanisms of action and potential consequences for clinical use. European heart journal. 2009. Wallentin Lars. PubMed
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Impact of CYP2C19 phenotypes on escitalopram metabolism and an evaluation of pupillometry as a serotonergic biomarker. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2009. Noehr-Jensen L, et al. PubMed
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Optimal dose regimens of esomeprazole for gastric acid suppression with minimal influence of the CYP2C19 polymorphism. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2009. Lou Horng-Yuan, et al. PubMed
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ADME pharmacogenetics: current practices and future outlook. Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology. 2009. Grossman Iris. PubMed
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Recent developments in clopidogrel pharmacology and their relation to clinical outcomes. Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology. 2009. Gurbel Paul A, et al. PubMed
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Frequency of CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 variant alleles in patients receiving clopidogrel that experience repeat acute coronary syndrome. Heart and vessels. 2009. Brackbill Marcia L, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenetic testing for clopidogrel using the rapid INFINITI analyzer: a dose-escalation study. JACC. Cardiovascular interventions. 2009. Gladding Patrick, et al. PubMed
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Association of cytochrome P450 2C19 genotype with the antiplatelet effect and clinical efficacy of clopidogrel therapy. JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association. 2009. Shuldiner Alan R, et al. PubMed
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Clopidogrel inhibits CYP2C19-dependent hydroxylation of omeprazole related to CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms. Journal of clinical pharmacology. 2009. Chen B L, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19 haplotypes in Koreans as a marker of enzyme activity evaluated with omeprazole. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics. 2009. Jin S K, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19*2 polymorphism is not the sole determinant of the response to clopidogrel: implications for its monitoring. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH. 2009. Aleil B, et al. PubMed
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The CYP2C19*17 allele is associated with better platelet response to clopidogrel in patients admitted for non-ST acute coronary syndrome. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH. 2009. Frére C, et al. PubMed
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Cytochrome P450 2C19 polymorphism in young patients treated with clopidogrel after myocardial infarction: a cohort study. Lancet. 2009. Collet Jean-Philippe, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacodynamic effect and clinical efficacy of clopidogrel and prasugrel with or without a proton-pump inhibitor: an analysis of two randomised trials. Lancet. 2009. O'Donoghue Michelle L, et al. PubMed
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Antiplatelet drug 'resistance'. Part 1: mechanisms and clinical measurements. Nature reviews. Cardiology. 2009. Sweeny Joseph M, et al. PubMed
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Clopidogrel pharmacogenomics and risk of inadequate platelet inhibition: US FDA recommendations. Pharmacogenomics. 2009. Ellis Kyle J, et al. PubMed
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Epilepsy pharmacogenetics. Pharmacogenomics. 2009. Kasperavici¿te Dalia, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenetics and stroke. Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation. 2009. Meschia James F. PubMed
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Relation of cytochrome P450 2C19 loss-of-function polymorphism to occurrence of drug-eluting coronary stent thrombosis. The American journal of cardiology. 2009. Giusti Betti, et al. PubMed
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Relation of genetic polymorphisms in the cytochrome P450 gene with clopidogrel resistance after drug-eluting stent implantation in Koreans. The American journal of cardiology. 2009. Lee Jung Myung, et al. PubMed
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Cytochrome P-450 polymorphisms and response to clopidogrel. The New England journal of medicine. 2009. Taubert Dirk, et al. PubMed
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Cytochrome p-450 polymorphisms and response to clopidogrel. The New England journal of medicine. 2009. Mega Jessica L, et al. PubMed
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Genetic determinants of response to clopidogrel and cardiovascular events. The New England journal of medicine. 2009. Simon Tabassome, et al. PubMed
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Differential time- and NADPH-dependent inhibition of CYP2C19 by enantiomers of fluoxetine. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2009. Stresser David M, et al. PubMed
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Lack of effect of Ginkgo biloba on voriconazole pharmacokinetics in Chinese volunteers identified as CYP2C19 poor and extensive metabolizers. The Annals of pharmacotherapy. 2009. Lei He-Ping, et al. PubMed
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Genetic polymorphisms of CYP2D6 10 and CYP2C19 2, 3 are not associated with prognosis, endometrial thickness, or bone mineral density in Japanese breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant tamoxifen. Cancer. 2009. Okishiro Masatsugu, et al. PubMed
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The CYP2C19 ultra-rapid metabolizer genotype influences the pharmacokinetics of voriconazole in healthy male volunteers. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2009. Wang Guo, et al. PubMed
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Application of pharmacogenomics to malaria: a holistic approach for successful chemotherapy. Pharmacogenomics. 2009. Mehlotra Rajeev K, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19 genotype is a major factor contributing to the highly variable pharmacokinetics of voriconazole. Journal of clinical pharmacology. 2009. Weiss Johanna, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenetic variation at CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6 at global and microgeographic scales. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2009. Sistonen Johanna, et al. PubMed
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The largest prospective warfarin-treated cohort supports genetic forecasting. Blood. 2009. Wadelius Mia, et al. PubMed
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DNA microarray technology in the clinical environment: the AmpliChip CYP450 test for CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotyping. CNS spectrums. 2009. de Leon Jose, et al. PubMed
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Novel variants of major drug-metabolising enzyme genes in diverse African populations and their predicted functional effects. Human genomics. 2009. Matimba Alice, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenomics: the promise of personalized medicine for CNS disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. 2009. de Leon Jose. PubMed
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Need for reassessment of reported CYP2C19 allele frequencies in various populations in view of CYP2C19*17 discovery: the case of Greece. Pharmacogenomics. 2009. Ragia Georgia, et al. PubMed
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Characterisation of CYP2C8, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 polymorphisms in a Ghanaian population. BMC medical genetics. 2009. Kudzi William, et al. PubMed
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A polymorphism in the TC21 promoter associates with an unfavorable tamoxifen treatment outcome in breast cancer. Cancer research. 2008. Rokavec Matjaz, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenetics-guided dose modifications of antidepressants. Clinics in laboratory medicine. 2008. Seeringer Angela, et al. PubMed
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Influence of the genetic polymorphisms in the 5' flanking and exonic regions of CYP2C19 on proguanil oxidation. Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. 2009. Satyanarayana Chakradhara Rao Uppugunduri, et al. PubMed
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Polymorphism of human cytochrome P450 enzymes and its clinical impact. Drug metabolism reviews. 2009. Zhou Shu-Feng, et al. PubMed
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Serum concentrations of sertraline and N-desmethyl sertraline in relation to CYP2C19 genotype in psychiatric patients. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2008. Rudberg I, et al. PubMed
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Functional pharmacogenetics/genomics of human cytochromes P450 involved in drug biotransformation. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. 2008. Zanger Ulrich M, et al. PubMed
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Single-dose pharmacokinetics of oral and intravenous pantoprazole in children and adolescents. Journal of clinical pharmacology. 2008. Kearns Gregory L, et al. PubMed
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Benzodiazepine metabolism: an analytical perspective. Current drug metabolism. 2008. Mandrioli Roberto, et al. PubMed
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Clinical pharmacogenetics and potential application in personalized medicine. Current drug metabolism. 2008. Zhou Shu-Feng, et al. PubMed
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Race as a variable in pharmacogenomics science: from empirical ethics to publication standards. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2008. Ozdemir Vural, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacokinetics/genotype associations for major cytochrome P450 enzymes in native and first- and third-generation Japanese populations: comparison with Korean, Chinese, and Caucasian populations. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2008. Myrand S P, et al. PubMed
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Pathways of carbamazepine bioactivation in vitro. III. The role of human cytochrome P450 enzymes in the formation of 2,3-dihydroxycarbamazepine. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2008. Pearce Robin E, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenetics of P450 oxidoreductase: effect of sequence variants on activities of CYP1A2 and CYP2C19. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2008. Agrawal Vishal, et al. PubMed
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Association of graded allele-specific changes in CYP2D6 function with imipramine dose requirement in a large group of depressed patients. Molecular psychiatry. 2008. Schenk P W, et al. PubMed
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Influence of polymorphisms of drug metabolizing enzymes (CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, GSTA1, GSTP1, ALDH1A1 and ALDH3A1) on the pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide and 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2008. Ekhart Corine, et al. PubMed
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Genetic polymorphism of CYP2C19 & therapeutic response to proton pump inhibitors. The Indian journal of medical research. 2008. Chaudhry A S, et al. PubMed
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Influence of CYP2C19*18 and CYP2C19*19 alleles on omeprazole 5-hydroxylation: in vitro functional analysis of recombinant enzymes expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology. 2008. Hanioka Nobumitsu, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19 pharmacogenetics in advanced cancer: compromised function independent of genotype. British journal of cancer. 2008. Helsby N A, et al. PubMed
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Effect of CYP2C19*2 and *17 mutations on pharmacodynamics and kinetics of proton pump inhibitors in Caucasians. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2008. Hunfeld Nicole G, et al. PubMed
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Increased omeprazole metabolism in carriers of the CYP2C19*17 allele; a pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2008. Baldwin R Michael, et al. PubMed
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Coexisting polymorphisms of P2Y12 and CYP2C19 genes as a risk factor for persistent platelet activation with clopidogrel. Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society. 2008. Malek Lukasz A, et al. PubMed
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Inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation by clopidogrel is related to CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms. Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology. 2008. Chen Bi-Lian, et al. PubMed
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Cytochrome P450 induction by rifampicin in healthy subjects: determination using the Karolinska cocktail and the endogenous CYP3A4 marker 4beta-hydroxycholesterol. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2008. Kanebratt K P, et al. PubMed
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Effect of terbinafine and voriconazole on the pharmacokinetics of the antidepressant venlafaxine. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2008. Hynninen V-V, et al. PubMed
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Impact of the ultrarapid CYP2C19*17 allele on serum concentration of escitalopram in psychiatric patients. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2008. Rudberg I, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenetics: from bench to byte. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2008. Swen J J, et al. PubMed
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The effect of CYP2C19 polymorphism on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of clopidogrel: a possible mechanism for clopidogrel resistance. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2008. Kim K A, et al. PubMed
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Endoscopic analysis of gastric ulcer after one week's treatment with omeprazole and rabeprazole in relation to CYP2C19 genotype. Digestive diseases and sciences. 2008. Ando Takashi, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19 inhibition: the impact of substrate probe selection on in vitro inhibition profiles. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2008. Foti Robert S, et al. PubMed
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Prediction of pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions using human hepatocyte suspension in plasma and cytochrome P450 phenotypic data. II. In vitro-in vivo correlation with ketoconazole. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2008. Lu Chuang, et al. PubMed
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Kinetics of omeprazole and escitalopram in relation to the CYP2C19*17 allele in healthy subjects. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2008. Ohlsson Rosenborg Staffan, et al. PubMed
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Proton pump inhibitors: an update of their clinical use and pharmacokinetics. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2008. Shi Shaojun, et al. PubMed
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Effect of CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms on the efficacy of proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: a meta-analysis. Helicobacter. 2008. Zhao Fujun, et al. PubMed
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The pharmacogenetics and pharmacodynamics of clopidogrel response: an analysis from the PRINC (Plavix Response in Coronary Intervention) trial. JACC. Cardiovascular interventions. 2008. Gladding Patrick, et al. PubMed
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Effect of the CYP2C19 polymorphism on the eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori infection by 7-day triple therapy with regular proton pump inhibitor dosage. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology. 2008. Kang Jung Mook, et al. PubMed
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Quantitative determination of clopidogrel active metabolite in human plasma by LC-MS/MS. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2008. Takahashi Makoto, et al. PubMed
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Cytochrome P450 2C19 681G>A polymorphism and high on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity associated with adverse 1-year clinical outcome of elective percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting or bare-metal stents. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2008. Trenk Dietmar, et al. PubMed
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The common gene variants of CYP2C19 affect pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in an active metabolite of clopidogrel in healthy subjects. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH. 2008. Umemura K, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19 and nongenetic factors predict poor responsiveness to clopidogrel loading dose after coronary stent implantation. Pharmacogenomics. 2008. Geisler Tobias, et al. PubMed
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Impact of CYP2C19 polymorphisms on the efficacy of clobazam therapy. Pharmacogenomics. 2008. Seo Takayuki, et al. PubMed
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Effect of cytochrome p450 polymorphisms on platelet reactivity after treatment with clopidogrel in acute coronary syndrome. The American journal of cardiology. 2008. Frere Corinne, et al. PubMed
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Plasma concentration of rabeprazole after 8-week administration in gastroesophageal reflux disease patients and intragastric pH elevation. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology. 2008. Yamano Hiro-o, et al. PubMed
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Correlation of inter-individual variations of amitriptyline metabolism examined in hairs with CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 polymorphisms. International journal of legal medicine. 2008. Thieme Detlef, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacokinetic genes do not influence response or tolerance to citalopram in the STAR*D sample. PloS one. 2008. Peters Eric J, et al. PubMed
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Biological effect of increased maintenance dose of clopidogrel in cardiovascular outpatients and influence of the cytochrome P450 2C19*2 allele on clopidogrel responsiveness. Thrombosis research. 2008. Fontana Pierre, et al. PubMed
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The enzymatic basis of drug-drug interactions with systemic triazole antifungals. Clinical pharmacokinetics. 2008. Nivoix Yasmine, et al. PubMed
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Caffeine as a marker substrate for testing cytochrome P450 activity in human and rat. Pharmacological reports : PR. 2008. Kot Marta, et al. PubMed
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Influence of cytochrome P450 polymorphisms on drug therapies: pharmacogenetic, pharmacoepigenetic and clinical aspects. Pharmacology & therapeutics. 2007. Ingelman-Sundberg Magnus, et al. PubMed
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Factors affecting drug concentrations and QT interval during thioridazine therapy. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2007. Thanacoody R H K, et al. PubMed
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Breast cancer treatment outcome with adjuvant tamoxifen relative to patient CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotypes. Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2007. Schroth Werner, et al. PubMed
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Hepatotoxicity of oral and intravenous voriconazole in relation to cytochrome P450 polymorphisms. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy. 2007. Levin Mark-David, et al. PubMed
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Characterization of human cytochrome p450 enzymes involved in the metabolism of cilostazol. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2007. Hiratsuka Masahiro, et al. PubMed
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Low-dose intravenous pantoprazole for optimal inhibition of gastric acid in Korean patients. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology. 2007. Oh Jung-Hwan, et al. PubMed
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Effects of genetic polymorphism of cytochrome P450 enzymes on the pharmacokinetics of benzodiazepines. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics. 2007. Fukasawa T, et al. PubMed
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A genomewide screen for late-onset Alzheimer disease in a genetically isolated Dutch population. American journal of human genetics. 2007. Liu Fan, et al. PubMed
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Artemisinin antimalarials moderately affect cytochrome P450 enzyme activity in healthy subjects. Fundamental & clinical pharmacology. 2007. Asimus Sara, et al. PubMed
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Cytochrome P450 3A inhibition by ketoconazole affects prasugrel and clopidogrel pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics differently. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2007. Farid N A, et al. PubMed
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Development of the "Inje cocktail" for high-throughput evaluation of five human cytochrome P450 isoforms in vivo. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2007. Ryu J Y, et al. PubMed
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Common polymorphisms of CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 affect the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic response to clopidogrel but not prasugrel. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH. 2007. Brandt J T, et al. PubMed
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Influence of CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 gene polymorphisms on clopidogrel responsiveness in healthy subjects. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH. 2007. Fontana P, et al. PubMed
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Cytochrome P450 2C19 loss-of-function polymorphism, but not CYP3A4 IVS10 + 12G/A and P2Y12 T744C polymorphisms, is associated with response variability to dual antiplatelet treatment in high-risk vascular patients. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2007. Giusti Betti, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19 pharmacogenomics associated with therapy of Helicobacter pylori infection and gastro-esophageal reflux diseases with a proton pump inhibitor. Pharmacogenomics. 2007. Furuta Takahisa, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenomics-based tailored versus standard therapeutic regimen for eradication of H. pylori. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2007. Furuta T, et al. PubMed
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Somatic complications of psychotropic medications in a patient with multiple CYP2 drug metabolism deficiencies. Connecticut medicine. 2007. Ruaño Gualberto, et al. PubMed
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Functional characterization of two novel CYP2C19 variants (CYP2C19*18 and CYP2C19*19) found in a Japanese population. Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems. 2007. Hanioka N, et al. PubMed
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Association of warfarin dose with genes involved in its action and metabolism. Human genetics. 2007. Wadelius Mia, et al. PubMed
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Appropriate phenotyping procedures for drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters in humans and their simultaneous use in the "cocktail" approach. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2007. Fuhr U, et al. PubMed
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Cytochrome P450 2C19 polymorphism influences the preventive effect of lansoprazole on the recurrence of erosive reflux esophagitis. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology. 2007. Kawamura Masashi, et al. PubMed
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Influence of smoking and CYP2C19 genotypes on H. pylori eradication success. Epidemiology and infection. 2007. Suzuki T, et al. PubMed
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ABCB1 and cytochrome P450 genotypes and phenotypes: influence on methadone plasma levels and response to treatment. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2006. Crettol Séverine, et al. PubMed
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Effect of CYP2C19*17 gene variant on Helicobacter pylori eradication in peptic ulcer patients. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2006. Kurzawski Mateusz, et al. PubMed
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Paradoxical urinary phenytoin metabolite (S)/(R) ratios in CYP2C19*1/*2 patients. Epilepsy research. 2006. Argikar Upendra A, et al. PubMed
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Potent cytochrome P450 2C19 genotype-related interaction between voriconazole and the cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitor ritonavir. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2006. Mikus Gerd, et al. PubMed
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Cytochrome P450 2C19 loss-of-function polymorphism is a major determinant of clopidogrel responsiveness in healthy subjects. Blood. 2006. Hulot Jean-Sébastien, et al. PubMed
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ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein/MDR1) gene G2677T/a sequence variation (polymorphism): lack of association with side effects and therapeutic response in depressed inpatients treated with amitriptyline. Clinical chemistry. 2006. Laika Barbara, et al. PubMed
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A common novel CYP2C19 gene variant causes ultrarapid drug metabolism relevant for the drug response to proton pump inhibitors and antidepressants. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2006. Sim Sarah C, et al. PubMed
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Influences of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine polymorphisms on eradication rates of clarithromycin-sensitive strains of Helicobacter pylori by triple therapy. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2006. Sugimoto Mitsushige, et al. PubMed
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Initial 48-hour acid inhibition by intravenous infusion of omeprazole, famotidine, or both in relation to cytochrome P450 2C19 genotype status. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2006. Sugimoto Mitsushige, et al. PubMed
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Interactions of two major metabolites of prasugrel, a thienopyridine antiplatelet agent, with the cytochromes P450. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2006. Rehmel Jessica L Fayer, et al. PubMed
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AmpliChip CYP450 test: personalized medicine has arrived in psychiatry. Expert review of molecular diagnostics. 2006. de Leon Jose. PubMed
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CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotypes and amitriptyline metabolite ratios in a series of medicolegal autopsies. Forensic science international. 2006. Koski Anna, et al. PubMed
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Clinical impact of CYP2C19 polymorphism on the action of proton pump inhibitors: a review of a special problem. International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2006. Klotz U. PubMed
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Phenotype-genotype relationship and clinical effects of citalopram in Chinese patients. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology. 2006. Yin Ophelia Q P, et al. PubMed
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Therapeutic effects of 10 mg/day rabeprazole administration on reflux esophagitis was not influenced by the CYP2C19 polymorphism. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology. 2006. Ariizumi Ken, et al. PubMed
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The effect of CYP2C19 polymorphisms on H. pylori eradication rate in dual and triple first-line PPI therapies: a meta-analysis. The American journal of gastroenterology. 2006. Padol Sara, et al. PubMed
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Heterozygous mutation in CYP2C19 significantly increases the concentration/dose ratio of racemic citalopram and escitalopram (S-citalopram). Therapeutic drug monitoring. 2006. Rudberg Ida, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacodynamic and kinetic effect of rabeprazole on serum gastrin level in relation to CYP2C19 polymorphism in Chinese Hans. World journal of gastroenterology : WJG. 2006. Hu Yong-Mei, et al. PubMed
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P450 2C18 catalyzes the metabolic bioactivation of phenytoin. Chemical research in toxicology. 2005. Kinobe Robert T, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19 genotype affects diazepam pharmacokinetics and emergence from general anesthesia. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2005. Inomata Shinichi, et al. PubMed
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Methadone enantiomer plasma levels, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, and CYP2C9 genotypes, and response to treatment. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2005. Crettol Séverine, et al. PubMed
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Genotyping for cytochrome P450 polymorphisms. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.). 2006. Daly Ann K, et al. PubMed
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Cytochrome P450s and other enzymes in drug metabolism and toxicity. The AAPS journal. 2006. Guengerich F Peter. PubMed
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Pharmacogenetics of long-term responses to antiretroviral regimens containing Efavirenz and/or Nelfinavir: an Adult Aids Clinical Trials Group Study. The Journal of infectious diseases. 2005. Haas David W, et al. PubMed
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Influence of CYP2C9, 2C19 and 2D6 genetic polymorphisms on the steady-state plasma concentrations of the enantiomers of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine. Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology. 2005. Scordo Maria G, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C9, CYP2C19, ABCB1 (MDR1) genetic polymorphisms and phenytoin metabolism in a Black Beninese population. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2005. Allabi Aurel C, et al. PubMed
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The CYP2C19 genotype and the use of oral contraceptives influence the pharmacokinetics of carisoprodol in healthy human subjects. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2005. Bramness Jørgen G, et al. PubMed
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Opposite effects of short-term and long-term St John's wort intake on voriconazole pharmacokinetics. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2005. Rengelshausen Jens, et al. PubMed
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Effect of CYP2C19 polymorphism on the safety and efficacy of omeprazole in Japanese patients with recurrent reflux oesophagitis. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics. 2005. Ohkusa T, et al. PubMed
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Effect of concomitant dosing of famotidine with lansoprazole on gastric acid secretion in relation to CYP2C19 genotype status. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics. 2005. Furuta T, et al. PubMed
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Influence of CYP2C19 polymorphism and Helicobacter pylori genotype determined from gastric tissue samples on response to triple therapy for H pylori infection. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association. 2005. Furuta Takahisa, et al. PubMed
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Comparison of an increased dosage regimen of rabeprazole versus a concomitant dosage regimen of famotidine with rabeprazole for nocturnal gastric acid inhibition in relation to cytochrome P450 2C19 genotypes. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2005. Sugimoto Mitsushige, et al. PubMed
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Esomeprazole-induced healing of gastroesophageal reflux disease is unrelated to the genotype of CYP2C19: evidence from clinical and pharmacokinetic data. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2005. Schwab Matthias, et al. PubMed
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Effect of CYP2C19 and MDR1 polymorphisms on cure rate in patients with acid-related disorders with Helicobacter pylori infection. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2005. Gawrońska-Szklarz Barbara, et al. PubMed
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Metabolic ratios of psychotropics as indication of cytochrome P450 2D6/2C19 genotype. Therapeutic drug monitoring. 2005. van der Weide Jan, et al. PubMed
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Concomitant dosing of famotidine with a triple therapy increases the cure rates of Helicobacter pylori infections in patients with the homozygous extensive metabolizer genotype of CYP2C19. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics. 2005. Okudaira K, et al. PubMed
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Amitriptyline or not, that is the question: pharmacogenetic testing of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 identifies patients with low or high risk for side effects in amitriptyline therapy. Clinical chemistry. 2005. Steimer Werner, et al. PubMed
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Sertraline is metabolized by multiple cytochrome P450 enzymes, monoamine oxidases, and glucuronyl transferases in human: an in vitro study. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2005. Obach R Scott, et al. PubMed
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A major influence of CYP2C19 genotype on the steady-state concentration of N-desmethylclobazam. Brain & development. 2004. Kosaki Kenjiro, et al. PubMed
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Clinical pharmacokinetics of imatinib. Clinical pharmacokinetics. 2005. Peng Bin, et al. PubMed
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Association of cyclophosphamide pharmacokinetics to polymorphic cytochrome P450 2C19. The pharmacogenomics journal. 2005. Timm R, et al. PubMed
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Nonlinear mixed effects model analysis of the pharmacokinetics of metoprolol in routinely treated Japanese patients. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin. 2004. Taguchi Masato, et al. PubMed
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Allele-specific change of concentration and functional gene dose for the prediction of steady-state serum concentrations of amitriptyline and nortriptyline in CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 extensive and intermediate metabolizers. Clinical chemistry. 2004. Steimer Werner, et al. PubMed
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Cytochrome P450 pharmacogenetics as a predictor of toxicity and clinical response to pulse cyclophosphamide in lupus nephritis. Arthritis and rheumatism. 2004. Takada Kazuki, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacokinetics of voriconazole and cytochrome P450 2C19 genetic status. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2004. Ikeda Yasuhiko, et al. PubMed
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A novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the CYP2C19 gene in a Japanese subject with lowered capacity of mephobarbital 4'-hydroxylation. Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. 2004. Morita Jun, et al. PubMed
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Rabeprazole 10 mg twice daily is superior to 20 mg once daily for night-time gastric acid suppression. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics. 2004. Shimatani T, et al. PubMed
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Omeprazole treatment of Korean patients: effects on gastric pH and gastrin release in relation to CYP2C19 geno- and phenotypes. Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology. 2004. Roh Hyung-Keun, et al. PubMed
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Different dosage regimens of rabeprazole for nocturnal gastric acid inhibition in relation to cytochrome P450 2C19 genotype status. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2004. Sugimoto Mitsushige, et al. PubMed
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In vitro characterization of clobazam metabolism by recombinant cytochrome P450 enzymes: importance of CYP2C19. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2004. Giraud Carole, et al. PubMed
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Impact of polymorphisms of cytochrome-P450 isoenzymes 2C9, 2C19 and 2D6 on plasma concentrations and clinical effects of antidepressants in a naturalistic clinical setting. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2004. Grasmäder Katja, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenetics of antidepressants and antipsychotics: the contribution of allelic variations to the phenotype of drug response. Molecular psychiatry. 2004. Kirchheiner J, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenetics and herb-drug interactions: experience with Ginkgo biloba and omeprazole. Pharmacogenetics. 2004. Yin Ophelia Q P, et al. PubMed
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Breastfeeding during maternal antidepressant treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors: infant exposure, clinical symptoms, and cytochrome p450 genotypes. The Journal of clinical psychiatry. 2004. Berle Jan Øystein, et al. PubMed
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Identification and relative contributions of human cytochrome P450 isoforms involved in the metabolism of glibenclamide and lansoprazole: evaluation of an approach based on the in vitro substrate disappearance rate. Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems. 2004. Naritomi Y, et al. PubMed
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United States Food and Drug Administration Drug Approval summary: Gefitinib (ZD1839; Iressa) tablets. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. 2004. Cohen Martin H, et al. PubMed
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Unusual side-effects due to clobazam: a case report with genetic study of CYP2C19. Brain & development. 2004. Parmeggiani Antonia, et al. PubMed
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Some aspects of genetic polymorphism in the biotransformation of antidepressants. Thérapie. 2004. Brøsen Kim. PubMed
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Effects of polymorphisms in CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 on trimipramine pharmacokinetics. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology. 2003. Kirchheiner Julia, et al. PubMed
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Association between blood carisoprodol:meprobamate concentration ratios and CYP2C19 genotype in carisoprodol-drugged drivers: decreased metabolic capacity in heterozygous CYP2C19*1/CYP2C19*2 subjects?. Pharmacogenetics. 2003. Bramness Jørgen G, et al. PubMed
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Effect of omeprazole 10 mg on intragastric pH in three different CYP2C19 genotypes, compared with omeprazole 20 mg and lafutidine 20 mg, a new H2-receptor antagonist. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics. 2003. Shimatani T, et al. PubMed
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The effects of lansoprazole on erosive reflux oesophagitis are influenced by CYP2C19 polymorphism. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics. 2003. Kawamura M, et al. PubMed
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Metabolism of citalopram enantiomers in CYP2C19/CYP2D6 phenotyped panels of healthy Swedes. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2003. Herrlin Karin, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacokinetics of citalopram in relation to genetic polymorphism of CYP2C19. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2003. Yu Bang-Ning, et al. PubMed
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Impact of clarithromycin resistance and CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism on treatment efficacy of Helicobacter pylori infection with lansoprazole- or rabeprazole-based triple therapy in Japan. European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology. 2003. Miki Ikuya, et al. PubMed
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Lafutidine, a novel histamine H2-receptor antagonist, vs lansoprazole in combination with amoxicillin and clarithromycin for eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter. 2003. Isomoto Hajime, et al. PubMed
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Identification of constitutive androstane receptor and glucocorticoid receptor binding sites in the CYP2C19 promoter. Molecular pharmacology. 2003. Chen Yuping, et al. PubMed
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Sequence diversity and functional characterization of the 5'-regulatory region of human CYP2C19. Pharmacogenetics. 2003. Arefayene Million, et al. PubMed
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Interleukin-1beta genetic polymorphism influences the effect of cytochrome P 2C19 genotype on the cure rate of 1-week triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection. The American journal of gastroenterology. 2003. Take Susumu, et al. PubMed
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The clinical role of cytochrome p450 genotypes in Helicobacter pylori management. The American journal of gastroenterology. 2003. Sapone A, et al. PubMed
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Effects of prototypical microsomal enzyme inducers on cytochrome P450 expression in cultured human hepatocytes. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2003. Madan Ajay, et al. PubMed
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Human extrahepatic cytochromes P450: function in xenobiotic metabolism and tissue-selective chemical toxicity in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology. 2003. Ding Xinxin, et al. PubMed
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Influence of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms on warfarin maintenance dose and metabolic clearance. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2002. Scordo Maria Gabriella, et al. PubMed
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Evidence of polymorphic CYP2C19 involvement in the human metabolism of N-desmethylclobazam. Therapeutic drug monitoring. 2002. Contin Manuela, et al. PubMed
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Involvement of multiple UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A isoforms in glucuronidation of 5-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin in human liver microsomes. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2002. Nakajima Miki, et al. PubMed
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Polymorphic oxidative metabolism of proguanil in a Nigerian population. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2002. Bolaji O O, et al. PubMed
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Inhibitory effects of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) on human cytochrome P450 enzymes in vitro: mechanism of drug interaction between TCAs and phenytoin. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2002. Shin Jae-Gook, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
Contributions of CYP2D6, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 to the biotransformation of E- and Z-doxepin in healthy volunteers. Pharmacogenetics. 2002. Kirchheiner Julia, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
The impact of CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 genotypes on metabolism of amitriptyline in Japanese psychiatric patients. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology. 2002. Shimoda Kazutaka, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
The N-demethylation of the doxepin isomers is mainly catalyzed by the polymorphic CYP2C19. Pharmaceutical research. 2002. Härtter Sebastian, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
Comparison of lansoprazole and famotidine for gastric acid inhibition during the daytime and night-time in different CYP2C19 genotype groups. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics. 2002. Shirai N, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Inducibility of CYP1A2 by omeprazole in vivo related to the genetic polymorphism of CYP1A2. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2002. Han Xing-Mei, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
Effect of cytochrome P4502C19 genotypic differences on cure rates for gastroesophageal reflux disease by lansoprazole. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2002. Furuta Takahisa, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Triethylenethiophosphoramide is a specific inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2B6: implications for cyclophosphamide metabolism. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2002. Rae James M, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
The role of CYP2C19 in amitriptyline N-demethylation in Chinese subjects. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2002. Jiang Zhi-Ping, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
Randomized open trial for comparison of proton pump inhibitors in triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection in relation to CYP2C19 genotype. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology. 2002. Inaba Tomoki, et al. PubMed
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Identification and functional characterization of new potentially defective alleles of human CYP2C19. Pharmacogenetics. 2002. Blaisdell Joyce, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Visual disorders associated with omeprazole and their relation to CYP2C19 polymorphism. Pharmacogenetics. 2002. Lutz Markus, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available VIP No VIP available
Clinical significance of the cytochrome P450 2C19 genetic polymorphism. Clinical pharmacokinetics. 2002. Desta Zeruesenay, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Pharmacokinetics of fluvoxamine in relation to CYP2C19 phenotype and genotype. Drug metabolism and drug interactions. 2002. Jan Michael W, et al. PubMed
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The prevalence of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotypes in a population of healthy Dutch volunteers. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2001. Tamminga W J, et al. PubMed
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The effect of CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 genotypes on the metabolism of clomipramine in Japanese psychiatric patients. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology. 2001. Yokono A, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
In vitro evaluation of valproic acid as an inhibitor of human cytochrome P450 isoforms: preferential inhibition of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9). British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2001. Wen X, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
The major fluvoxamine metabolite in urine is formed by CYP2D6. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2001. Spigset O, et al. PubMed
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CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotype-based dose recommendations for antidepressants: a first step towards subpopulation-specific dosages. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2001. Kirchheiner J, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacodynamic effects and kinetic disposition of rabeprazole in relation to CYP2C19 genotypes. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics. 2001. Horai Y, et al. PubMed
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Ticlopidine as a selective mechanism-based inhibitor of human cytochrome P450 2C19. Biochemistry. 2001. Ha-Duong N T, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Clinical relevance of genetic polymorphisms in the human CYP2C subfamily. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2001. Goldstein J A. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Mephenytoin as a probe for CYP2C19 phenotyping:effect of sample storage, intra-individual reproducibility and occurrence of adverse events. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2001. Tamminga W J, et al. PubMed
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Effect of genotypic differences in CYP2C19 on cure rates for Helicobacter pylori infection by triple therapy with a proton pump inhibitor, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2001. Furuta T, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
Pharmacokinetics of sertraline in relation to genetic polymorphism of CYP2C19. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2001. Wang J H, et al. PubMed
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Effects of CYP2C19 gene polymorphism on cure rates for Helicobacter pylori infection by triple therapy with proton pump inhibitor (omeprazole or rabeprazole), amoxycillin and clarithromycin in Japan. Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver. 2001. Dojo M, et al. PubMed
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A randomized open trial for comparison of proton pump inhibitors, omeprazole versus rabeprazole, in dual therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection in relation to CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology. 2001. Miyoshi M, et al. PubMed
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Enantioselective analysis of citalopram and metabolites in adolescents. Therapeutic drug monitoring. 2001. Carlsson B, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Effects of CYP2C19 genotype and CYP2C9 on fluoxetine N-demethylation in human liver microsomes. Acta pharmacologica Sinica. 2001. Liu Z Q, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Formation of a dihydroxy metabolite of phenytoin in human liver microsomes/cytosol: roles of cytochromes P450 2C9, 2C19, and 3A4. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2000. Komatsu T, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Phenytoin metabolism by human cytochrome P450: involvement of P450 3A and 2C forms in secondary metabolism and drug-protein adduct formation. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2000. Cuttle L, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
In vitro inhibition and induction of human hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes by modafinil. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2000. Robertson P, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
CYP2C19 genotype status and intragastric pH during dosing with lansoprazole or rabeprazole. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics. 2000. Adachi K, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Equally potent inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis in human hepatocytes have distinguishable effects on different cytochrome P450 enzymes. Biopharmaceutics & drug disposition. 2000. Cohen L H, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
Effects of omeprazole on intragastric pH and plasma gastrin are dependent on the CYP2C19 polymorphism. Gastroenterology. 2000. Sagar M, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Drug metabolism genotypes and their association with adverse drug reactions in selected populations: a pilot study of methodology. Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety. 2000. Clark D, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Is therapeutic drug monitoring a case for optimizing clinical outcome and avoiding interactions of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors?. Therapeutic drug monitoring. 2000. Rasmussen B B, et al. PubMed
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Steady state plasma levels of the enantiomers of trimipramine and of its metabolites in CYP2D6-, CYP2C19- and CYP3A4/5-phenotyped patients. Therapeutic drug monitoring. 2000. Eap C B, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Effect of the gene dosage of CgammaP2C19 on diazepam metabolism in Chinese subjects. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 1999. Qin X P, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Proguanil disposition and toxicity in malaria patients from Vanuatu with high frequencies of CYP2C19 mutations. Pharmacogenetics. 1999. Kaneko A, et al. PubMed
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Evidence for involvement of polymorphic CYP2C19 and 2C9 in the N-demethylation of sertraline in human liver microsomes. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 1999. Xu Z H, et al. PubMed
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CYP2C19 genotype-related efficacy of omeprazole for the treatment of infection caused by Helicobacter pylori. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 1999. Tanigawara Y, et al. PubMed
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Populations and genetic polymorphisms. Molecular diagnosis : a journal devoted to the understanding of human disease through the clinical application of molecular biology. 1999. Weber W W. PubMed
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A novel transversion in the intron 5 donor splice junction of CYP2C19 and a sequence polymorphism in exon 3 contribute to the poor metabolizer phenotype for the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. 1999. Ibeanu G C, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Roles of CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 in nicotine C-oxidation by human liver microsomes. Archives of toxicology. 1999. Yamazaki H, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Stereospecific analysis of omeprazole supports artemisinin as a potent inducer of CYP2C19. Fundamental & clinical pharmacology. 1999. Mihara K, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Effect of genetic differences in omeprazole metabolism on cure rates for Helicobacter pylori infection and peptic ulcer. Annals of internal medicine. 1998. Furuta T, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Efavirenz. Drugs. 1998. Adkins J C, et al. PubMed
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Identification of new human CYP2C19 alleles (CYP2C19*6 and CYP2C19*2B) in a Caucasian poor metabolizer of mephenytoin. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. 1998. Ibeanu G C, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Characterization of the selectivity and mechanism of human cytochrome P450 inhibition by the human immunodeficiency virus-protease inhibitor nelfinavir mesylate. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 1998. Lillibridge J H, et al. PubMed
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An additional defective allele, CYP2C19*5, contributes to the S-mephenytoin poor metabolizer phenotype in Caucasians. Pharmacogenetics. 1998. Ibeanu G C, et al. PubMed
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Five distinct human cytochromes mediate amitriptyline N-demethylation in vitro: dominance of CYP 2C19 and 3A4. Journal of clinical pharmacology. 1998. Venkatakrishnan K, et al. PubMed
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A new genetic defect in human CYP2C19: mutation of the initiation codon is responsible for poor metabolism of S-mephenytoin. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. 1998. Ferguson R J, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Metabolic disposition of pantoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, in relation to S-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylation phenotype and genotype. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 1997. Tanaka M, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
Effects of genetic defects in the CYP2C19 gene on the N-demethylation of imipramine, and clinical outcome of imipramine therapy. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences. 1997. Morinobu S, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Evaluation of omeprazole and lansoprazole as inhibitors of cytochrome P450 isoforms. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 1997. Ko J W, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Association between CYP2C19 genotype and proguanil oxidative polymorphism. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 1997. Coller J K, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Identification of the polymorphically expressed CYP2C19 and the wild-type CYP2C9-ILE359 allele as low-Km catalysts of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide activation. Pharmacogenetics. 1997. Chang T K, et al. PubMed
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Metabolic disposition of lansoprazole in relation to the S-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylation phenotype status. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 1997. Sohn D R, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Identification of three cytochrome P450 isozymes involved in N-demethylation of citalopram enantiomers in human liver microsomes. Pharmacogenetics. 1997. Rochat B, et al. PubMed
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Differences in the incidence of the CYP2C19 polymorphism affecting the S-mephenytoin phenotype in Chinese Han and Bai populations and identification of a new rare CYP2C19 mutant allele. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. 1997. Xiao Z S, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Imipramine demethylation in vivo: impact of CYP1A2, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 1997. Madsen H, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Proguanil metabolism in relation to S-mephenytoin oxidation in a Turkish population. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 1996. Basci N E, et al. PubMed
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Genotyping of S-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylation in an extended Japanese population. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 1996. Kubota T, et al. PubMed
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Roles of cytochrome P4502C9 and cytochrome P4502C19 in the stereoselective metabolism of phenytoin to its major metabolite. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 1996. Bajpai M, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Non-response to maprotiline caused by ultra-rapid metabolism that is different from CYP2D6?. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 1997. Vormfelde S V, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Relationship between fluvoxamine pharmacokinetics and CYP2D6/CYP2C19 phenotype polymorphisms. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 1997. Spigset O, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available CA VA No VIP available No VIP available
Steady-state plasma concentrations of imipramine and desipramine in relation to S-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylation status in Japanese depressive patients. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology. 1996. Koyama E, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Clinical pharmacokinetics. 1996. Baumann P. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Formation of (R)-8-hydroxywarfarin in human liver microsomes. A new metabolic marker for the (S)-mephenytoin hydroxylase, P4502C19. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 1996. Wienkers L C, et al. PubMed
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A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of citalopram with and without lithium in the treatment of therapy-resistant depressive patients: a clinical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacogenetic investigation. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology. 1996. Baumann P, et al. PubMed
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Use of omeprazole as a probe drug for CYP2C19 phenotype in Swedish Caucasians: comparison with S-mephenytoin hydroxylation phenotype and CYP2C19 genotype. Pharmacogenetics. 1995. Chang M, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Genetic analysis of the S-mephenytoin polymorphism in a Chinese population. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 1995. de Morais S M, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
A multifamily study on the relationship between CYP2C19 genotype and s-mephenytoin oxidation phenotype. Pharmacogenetics. 1995. Brøsen K, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Evidence for the polymorphic oxidation of debrisoquine and proguanil in a Khmer (Cambodian) population. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 1995. Wanwimolruk S, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Fluvoxamine and fluoxetine: interaction studies with amitriptyline, clomipramine and neuroleptics in phenotyped patients. Pharmacological research : the official journal of the Italian Pharmacological Society. 1995. Vandel S, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available No Variant Annotation available No VIP available No VIP available
Imipramine metabolism in relation to the sparteine and mephenytoin oxidation polymorphisms--a population study. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 1995. Madsen H, et al. PubMed
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The mephenytoin (cytochrome P450 2C 19) and dextromethorphan (cytochrome P450 2D6) polymorphisms in Saudi Arabians and Filipinos. Pharmacogenetics. 1995. Evans D A, et al. PubMed
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Metabolic disposition of imipramine in oriental subjects: relation to metoprolol alpha-hydroxylation and S-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylation phenotypes. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. 1994. Koyama E, et al. PubMed
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Identification of a new genetic defect responsible for the polymorphism of (S)-mephenytoin metabolism in Japanese. Molecular pharmacology. 1994. De Morais S M, et al. PubMed
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The major genetic defect responsible for the polymorphism of S-mephenytoin metabolism in humans. The Journal of biological chemistry. 1994. de Morais S M, et al. PubMed
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
Single-dose kinetics of clomipramine: relationship to the sparteine and S-mephenytoin oxidation polymorphisms. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 1994. Nielsen K K, et al. PubMed
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Evidence that CYP2C19 is the major (S)-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylase in humans. Biochemistry. 1994. Goldstein J A, et al. PubMed
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Stereoselective disposition of hexobarbital and its metabolites: relationship to the S-mephenytoin polymorphism in Caucasian and Chinese subjects. Pharmacogenetics. 1994. Adedoyin A, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacokinetics of citalopram in relation to the sparteine and the mephenytoin oxidation polymorphisms. Therapeutic drug monitoring. 1993. Sindrup S H, et al. PubMed
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Genetically determined drug-metabolizing activity and desipramine-associated cardiotoxicity: a case report. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 1993. Bluhm R E, et al. PubMed
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Incidence of S-mephenytoin hydroxylation deficiency in a Korean population and the interphenotypic differences in diazepam pharmacokinetics. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 1992. Sohn D R, et al. PubMed
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Relation between chloroguanide bioactivation to cycloguanil and the genetically determined metabolism of mephenytoin in humans. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 1992. Funck-Brentano C, et al. PubMed
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Nilutamide inhibits mephenytoin 4-hydroxylation in untreated male rats and in human liver microsomes. Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems. 1991. Horsmans Y, et al. PubMed
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The mephenytoin oxidation polymorphism is partially responsible for the N-demethylation of imipramine. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 1991. Skjelbo E, et al. PubMed
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Induction of polymorphic 4'-hydroxylation of S-mephenytoin by rifampicin. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 1990. Zhou H H, et al. PubMed
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Effect of omeprazole treatment on diazepam plasma levels in slow versus normal rapid metabolizers of omeprazole. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 1990. Andersson T, et al. PubMed
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Polymorphism in hydroxylation of mephenytoin and hexobarbital stereoisomers in relation to hepatic P-450 human-2. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 1990. Yasumori T, et al. PubMed
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Importance of genetic factors in the regulation of diazepam metabolism: relationship to S-mephenytoin, but not debrisoquin, hydroxylation phenotype. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 1989. Bertilsson L, et al. PubMed
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Interethnic differences in genetic polymorphism of debrisoquin and mephenytoin hydroxylation between Japanese and Caucasian populations. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 1985. Nakamura K, et al. PubMed

LinkOuts

NCBI Gene:
1557
OMIM:
124020
609535
UCSC Genome Browser:
NM_000769
RefSeq RNA:
NM_000769
RefSeq Protein:
NP_000760
RefSeq DNA:
NG_008384
NT_030059
Web Resource:
http://www.imm.ki.se/CYPalleles/cyp2c19.htm
UniProtKB:
CP2CJ_HUMAN (P33261)
Ensembl:
ENSG00000165841
GenAtlas:
CYP2C19
GeneCard:
CYP2C19
MutDB:
CYP2C19
ALFRED:
LO008778E
HuGE:
CYP2C19
Comparative Toxicogenomics Database:
1557
ModBase:
P33261
HumanCyc Gene:
HS09293
HGNC:
2621

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