Chemical: Drug
tolbutamide

last updated 08/10/2011

1. Annotation of DPWG Guideline for tolbutamide and CYP2C9

Summary

There are currently no dosing recommendations for tolbutamide based on CYP2C9 genotype.

Annotation

The Royal Dutch Association for the Advancement of Pharmacy - Pharmacogenetics Working Group has evaluated therapeutic dose recommendations for tolbutamide based on CYP2C9 genotype [Article:21412232].They concluded that there are no recommendations at this time.

GenotypeTherapeutic Dose RecommendationLevel of EvidenceClinical Relevance
CYP2C9 *1/*2NonePublished controlled studies of moderate quality* relating to phenotyped and/or genotyped patients or healthy volunteers, and having relevant pharmacokinetic or clinical endpoints.Clinical effect (NS) Kinetic effect (NS)
CYP2C9 *2/*2NonePublished controlled studies of moderate quality* relating to phenotyped and/or genotyped patients or healthy volunteers, and having relevant pharmacokinetic or clinical endpoints.Clinical effect (NS) Kinetic effect (NS)
CYP2C9 *1/*3NonePublished controlled studies of moderate quality* relating to phenotyped and/or genotyped patients or healthy volunteers, and having relevant pharmacokinetic or clinical endpoints.Clinical effect (S): short-lived discomfort (< 48 hr) without permanent injury: e.g. reduced decrease in resting heart rate; reduction in exercise tachycardia; decreased pain relief from oxycodone; ADE resulting from increased bioavailability of atomoxetine (decreased appetite, insomnia, sleep disturbance etc); neutropenia > 1.5x109/l; leucopenia > 3.0x109/l; thrombocytopenia > 75x109/l; moderate diarrhea not affecting daily activities; reduced glucose increase following oral glucose tolerance test.
CYP2C9 *2/*3NonePublished controlled studies of moderate quality* relating to phenotyped and/or genotyped patients or healthy volunteers, and having relevant pharmacokinetic or clinical endpoints.Clinical effect (NS) Kinetic effect (NS)
CYP2C9 *3/*3NonePublished controlled studies of moderate quality* relating to phenotyped and/or genotyped patients or healthy volunteers, and having relevant pharmacokinetic or clinical endpoints.Minor clinical effect (S): QTc prolongation (<450 ms females, <470 ms males); INR increase < 4.5

Kinetic effect (S) |

  • *See Methods or [Article:18253145] for definition of "moderate" quality.
  • S: statistically significant difference.



PharmGKB contains no Clinical Variants that meet the highest level of criteria.

To see more Clinical Variants with lower levels of criteria, click the button at the bottom of the page.

Disclaimer: The PharmGKB's clinical annotations reflect expert consensus based on clinical evidence and peer-reviewed literature available at the time they are written and are intended only to assist clinicians in decision-making and to identify questions for further research. New evidence may have emerged since the time an annotation was submitted to the PharmGKB. The annotations are limited in scope and are not applicable to interventions or diseases that are not specifically identified.

The annotations do not account for individual variations among patients, and cannot be considered inclusive of all proper methods of care or exclusive of other treatments. It remains the responsibility of the health-care provider to determine the best course of treatment for a patient. Adherence to any guideline is voluntary, with the ultimate determination regarding its application to be made solely by the clinician and the patient. PharmGKB assumes no responsibility for any injury or damage to persons or property arising out of or related to any use of the PharmGKB clinical annotations, or for any errors or omissions.

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The table below contains information about pharmacogenomic variants on PharmGKB. Please follow the link in the "Variant" column for more information about a particular variant. Each link in the "Variant" column leads to the corresponding PharmGKB Variant Page. The Variant Page contains summary data, including PharmGKB manually curated information about variant-drug pairs based on individual PubMed publications. The PMIDs for these PubMed publications can be found on the Variant Page.

The tags in the first column of the table indicate what type of information can be found on the corresponding Variant Page.

Links in the "Gene" column lead to PharmGKB Gene Pages.

List of all variant annotations for tolbutamide

Gene ? Variant?
(147)
Alternate Names ? Chemicals ? Alleles ?
(+ chr strand)
Function ? Amino Acid?
Translation
No VIP available No VIP available VA CYP2C19 *1B N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available No VIP available VA CYP2C19 *5 N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available No VIP available VA CYP2C19 *8 N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available No VIP available VA CYP2C9 *1 N/A N/A N/A
VIP No VIP available No VIP available CYP2C9 *2 N/A N/A N/A
VIP No VIP available VA CYP2C9 *3 N/A N/A N/A
No VIP available No VIP available VA CYP2C9 *59 N/A N/A N/A
rs1057910 NC_000010.10:g.96741053A=, NC_000010.10:g.96741053A>C, NC_000010.11:g.94981296A=, NC_000010.11:g.94981296A>C, NG_008385.1:g.47639A=, NG_008385.1:g.47639A>C, NM_000771.3:c.1075A=, NM_000771.3:c.1075A>C, NP_000762.2:p.Ile359=, NP_000762.2:p.Ile359Leu, XM_005269575.1:c.1075A=, XM_005269575.1:c.1075A>C, XP_005269632.1:p.Ile359=, XP_005269632.1:p.Ile359Leu, rs17847042, rs3198471, rs61212474
A > C
SNP
I359L
rs1799853 NC_000010.10:g.96702047C=, NC_000010.10:g.96702047C>T, NC_000010.11:g.94942290C=, NC_000010.11:g.94942290C>T, NG_008385.1:g.8633C=, NG_008385.1:g.8633C>T, NM_000771.3:c.430C=, NM_000771.3:c.430C>T, NP_000762.2:p.Arg144=, NP_000762.2:p.Arg144Cys, XM_005269575.1:c.430C=, XM_005269575.1:c.430C>T, XP_005269632.1:p.Arg144=, XP_005269632.1:p.Arg144Cys, rs17110268, rs28371674, rs33968134, rs60690363
C > T
SNP
R144C
No VIP available No Clinical Annotations available VA
rs41291556 NC_000010.10:g.96535173T>C, NC_000010.11:g.94775416T>C, NG_008384.2:g.17711T>C, NM_000769.1:c.358T>C, NM_000769.2:c.358T>C, NP_000760.1:p.Trp120Arg
T > C
SNP
W120R
No VIP available No Clinical Annotations available VA
rs5219 NC_000011.10:g.17388025T>C, NC_000011.9:g.17409572T>C, NG_012446.1:g.5635A>G, NM_000525.3:c.67A>G, NM_001166290.1:c.-16-179A>G, NP_000516.3:p.Lys23Glu, XM_005252910.1:c.67A>G, XM_006718226.2:c.-16-179A>G, XP_005252967.1:p.Lys23Glu, XR_930867.1:n.225A>G, rs117591309, rs193929332, rs386597997, rs57819118, rs80356607
T > C
SNP
K23E
No VIP available CA VA
rs9332239 NC_000010.10:g.96748777C>T, NC_000010.11:g.94989020C>T, NG_008385.1:g.55363C>T, NM_000771.3:c.1465C>T, NP_000762.2:p.Pro489Ser, XM_005269575.1:c.1275-446C>T, rs59029001
C > T
SNP
P489S
Alleles, Functions, and Amino Acid Translations are all sourced from dbSNP 147

Overview

Generic Names
Trade Names
  • Aglicid
  • Apo-Tolbutamide
  • Arkozal
  • Artosin
  • Artozin
  • Butamid
  • Butamide
  • Diaben
  • Diabetamid
  • Diabetol
  • Diabuton
  • Diasulfon
  • Dirastan
  • Dolipol
  • Drabet
  • Glyconon
  • Ipoglicone
  • Mobenol
  • Novo-Butamide
  • Orabet
  • Oralin
  • Orezan
  • Orinase
  • Orinase Diagnostic
  • Orinaz
  • Oterben
  • Pramidex
  • Rastinon
  • Restinon
  • Sk-tolbutamide
  • Tol-Tab
  • Tolbusal
  • Tolbutamid
  • Toluina
  • Tolumid
  • Toluvan
  • Tolylsulfonylbutylurea
  • Willbutamide
Brand Mixture Names

PharmGKB Accession Id

PA451718

Type(s):

Drug

Description

Tolbutamide is an oral antihyperglycemic agent used for the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). It is structurally similar to acetohexamide, chlorpropamide and tolazamide and belongs to the sulfonylurea class of insulin secretagogues, which act by stimulating beta cells of the pancreas to release insulin. Sulfonylureas increase both basal insulin secretion and meal-stimulated insulin release. Medications in this class differ in their dose, rate of absorption, duration of action, route of elimination and binding site on their target pancreatic beta cell receptor. Sulfonylureas also increase peripheral glucose utilization, decrease hepatic gluconeogenesis and may increase the number and sensitivity of insulin receptors. Sulfonylureas are associated with weight gain, though less so than insulin. Due to their mechanism of action, sulfonylureas may cause hypoglycemia and require consistent food intake to decrease this risk. The risk of hypoglycemia is increased in elderly, debilitated and malnourished individuals. Tolbutamide appears to be metabolized in the liver. Tolbutamide and its metabolites are excreted in urine (75-85%) and feces.

Source: Drug Bank

Indication

For treatment of NIDDM (non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) in conjunction with diet and exercise.

Source: Drug Bank

Other Vocabularies

Information pulled from DrugBank has not been reviewed by PharmGKB.

Pharmacology, Interactions, and Contraindications

Mechanism of Action

Sulfonylureas lower blood glucose in patients with NIDDM by directly stimulating the acute release of insulin from functioning beta cells of pancreatic islet tissue by an unknown process that involves a sulfonylurea receptor (receptor 1) on the beta cell. Sulfonylureas inhibit the ATP-potassium channels on the beta cell membrane and potassium efflux, which results in depolarization and calcium influx, calcium-calmodulin binding, kinase activation, and release of insulin-containing granules by exocytosis, an effect similar to that of glucose.

Source: Drug Bank

Pharmacology

Tolbutamide, a first-generation sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent, is used with diet to lower blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus type II. Tolbutamide is twice as potent as the related second-generation agent glipizide. Tolbutamide lowers blood sugar by stimulating the pancreas to secrete insulin and helping the body use insulin efficiently. The pancreas must be able to produce insulin for this drug to work.

Source: Drug Bank

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination & Toxicity

Biotransformation

Metabolized in the liver principally via oxidation of the p-methyl group producing the carboxyl metabolite, 1-butyl-3-p-carboxyphenylsulfonylurea. May also be metabolized to hydroxytolbutamide. Tolbutamide does not undergo acetylation like antibacterial sulfonamides as it does not have a p-amino group.

Source: Drug Bank

Protein Binding

Approximately 95% bound to plasma proteins.

Source: Drug Bank

Absorption

Readily absorbed following oral administration. Tolbutamide is detectable in plasma 30-60 minutes following oral administration of a single dose with peak plasma concentrations occurring within 3-5 hours. Absorption is unaltered if taken with food but is increased with high pH.

Source: Drug Bank

Half-Life

Approximately 7 hours with interindividual variations ranging from 4-25 hours. Tolbutamide has the shortest duration of action, 6-12 hours, of the antidiabetic sulfonylureas.

Source: Drug Bank

Toxicity

Oral, mouse: LD ~50~ = 2600 mg/kg

Source: Drug Bank

Route of Elimination

Unchanged drug and metabolites are eliminated in the urine and feces. Approximately 75-85% of a single orally administered dose is excreted in the urine principally as the 1-butyl-3-p-carboxyphenylsulfonylurea within 24 hours.

Source: Drug Bank

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula

C12H18N2O3S

Source: Drug Bank

Average Molecular Weight

270.348

Source: Drug Bank

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

270.103813142

Source: Drug Bank

SMILES

CCCCNC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C

Source: PubChem

InChI String

InChI=1S/C12H18N2O3S/c1-3-4-9-13-12(15)14-18(16,17)11-7-5-10(2)6-8-11/h5-8H,3-4,9H2,1-2H3,(H2,13,14,15)

Source: PubChem

Genes that are associated with this drug in PharmGKB's database based on (1) variant annotations, (2) literature review, (3) pathways or (4) information automatically retrieved from DrugBank, depending on the "evidence" and "source" listed below.

Curated Information ?

EvidenceGene
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
CYP2C19
CYP2C9
No Dosing Guideline available No Drug Label available No Clinical Annotation available VA No VIP available No VIP available
KCNJ11

Drug Targets

Gene Description
ABCC8 (source: Drug Bank )
KCNJ1 (source: Drug Bank )

Drug Interactions

Interaction Description
acebutolol - tolbutamide Decreased in symptoms of hypoglycemia and increase in time required for the body to compensate for hypoglycemia (source: Drug Bank )
acebutolol - tolbutamide Acebutolol may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia and increase the time required for the body to compensate for hypoglycemia. (source: Drug Bank )
aspirin - tolbutamide The salicylate increases the effect of sulfonylurea (source: Drug Bank )
aspirin - tolbutamide Acetylsalicylic acid increases the effect of the sulfonylurea, tolbutamide. (source: Drug Bank )
atenolol - tolbutamide The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia (source: Drug Bank )
atenolol - tolbutamide The beta-blocker, atenolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia. (source: Drug Bank )
bisoprolol - tolbutamide The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia (source: Drug Bank )
bisoprolol - tolbutamide The beta-blocker, bisoprolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia. (source: Drug Bank )
carvedilol - tolbutamide The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia (source: Drug Bank )
carvedilol - tolbutamide The beta-blocker, carvedilol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia. (source: Drug Bank )
chloramphenicol - tolbutamide The agent increases the effect of sulfonylurea (source: Drug Bank )
chloramphenicol - tolbutamide The agent increases the effect of sulfonylurea (source: Drug Bank )
clofibrate - tolbutamide The agent increases the effect of sulfonylurea (source: Drug Bank )
clofibrate - tolbutamide The agent increases the effect of sulfonylurea (source: Drug Bank )
digoxin - tolbutamide Tolbutamide increases the effect of digoxin (source: Drug Bank )
digoxin - tolbutamide Tolbutamide increases the effect of digoxin (source: Drug Bank )
esmolol - tolbutamide The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia (source: Drug Bank )
esmolol - tolbutamide The beta-blocker, esmolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia. (source: Drug Bank )
isocarboxazid - tolbutamide The MAO inhibitor increases the effect of hypoglycemic agent (source: Drug Bank )
ketoconazole - tolbutamide Ketoconazole increases the effect and toxicity of tolbutamide (source: Drug Bank )
ketoconazole - tolbutamide Ketoconazole increases the effect and toxicity of tolbutamide (source: Drug Bank )
labetalol - tolbutamide The beta-blocker, labetalol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia. (source: Drug Bank )
metoprolol - tolbutamide The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia (source: Drug Bank )
metoprolol - tolbutamide The beta-blocker, metoprolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia. (source: Drug Bank )
nadolol - tolbutamide The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia (source: Drug Bank )
nadolol - tolbutamide The beta-blocker, nadolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia. (source: Drug Bank )
oxprenolol - tolbutamide The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia (source: Drug Bank )
oxprenolol - tolbutamide The beta-blocker, oxprenolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia. (source: Drug Bank )
phenelzine - tolbutamide The MAO inhibitor increases the effect of the hypoglycemic agent (source: Drug Bank )
phenylbutazone - tolbutamide Phenylbutazone increases the effect of the hypoglycemic agent (source: Drug Bank )
phenylbutazone - tolbutamide Phenylbutazone increases the effect of the hypoglycemic agent (source: Drug Bank )
pindolol - tolbutamide The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia (source: Drug Bank )
pindolol - tolbutamide The beta-blocker, pindolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia. (source: Drug Bank )
propranolol - tolbutamide The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia (source: Drug Bank )
propranolol - tolbutamide The beta-blocker, propranolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia. (source: Drug Bank )
repaglinide - tolbutamide Similar mode of action - questionable association (source: Drug Bank )
rifampin - tolbutamide Rifampin decreases the effect of sulfonylurea (source: Drug Bank )
rifampin - tolbutamide Rifampin decreases the effect of sulfonylurea (source: Drug Bank )
tamoxifen - tolbutamide Tolbutamide may reduce clearance rate of Tamoxifen. Monitor for changes in therapeutic/adverse effects of Tamoxifen if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tamoxifen - tolbutamide Tolbutamide may reduce clearance rate of Tamoxifen. Monitor for changes in therapeutic/adverse effects of Tamoxifen if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
timolol - tolbutamide The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia (source: Drug Bank )
timolol - tolbutamide The beta-blocker, timolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - acenocoumarol Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Acenocoumarol. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Acenocoumarol therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - acenocoumarol Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Acenocoumarol. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Acenocoumarol therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - bosentan Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Bosentan. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Bosentan therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - bosentan Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Bosentan. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Bosentan therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - capecitabine Capecitabine, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tolbutamide, a CYP2C9 substrate. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Tolbutamide therapeutic and adverse effects if Capecitabine is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - capecitabine Capecitabine, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tolbutamide, a CYP2C9 substrate. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Tolbutamide therapeutic and adverse effects if Capecitabine is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - celecoxib Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Celecoxib. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Celecobix therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - celecoxib Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Celecoxib. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Celecobix therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - dapsone Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Dapsone. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Dapsone therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - dapsone Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Dapsone. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Dapsone therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - delavirdine Delavirdine, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tolbutamide, a CYP2C9 substrate. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Tolbutamide therapeutic and adverse effects if Delavirdine is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - delavirdine Delavirdine, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tolbutamide, a CYP2C9 substrate. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Tolbutamide therapeutic and adverse effects if Delavirdine is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - floxuridine Floxuridine, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tolbutamide, a CYP2C9 substrate. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Tolbutamide therapeutic and adverse effects if Floxuridine is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - floxuridine Floxuridine, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tolbutamide, a CYP2C9 substrate. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Tolbutamide therapeutic and adverse effects if Floxuridine is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - fluconazole Fluconazole, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tolbutamide, a CYP2C9 substrate. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Fluconazole therapeutic and adverse effects if Delavirdine is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - fluconazole Fluconazole, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tolbutamide, a CYP2C9 substrate. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Fluconazole therapeutic and adverse effects if Delavirdine is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - fluorouracil Fluorouracil, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tolbutamide, a CYP2C9 substrate. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Tolbutamide therapeutic and adverse effects if Fluorouracil is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - fluorouracil Fluorouracil, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tolbutamide, a CYP2C9 substrate. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Tolbutamide therapeutic and adverse effects if Fluorouracil is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - fluoxetine Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Fluoxetine. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Fluoxetine therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - fluoxetine Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Fluoxetine. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Fluoxetine therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tolbutamide, a CYP2C9 substrate. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Tolbutamide therapeutic and adverse effects if Flurbiprofen is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tolbutamide, a CYP2C9 substrate. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Tolbutamide therapeutic and adverse effects if Flurbiprofen is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - fosphenytoin Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Fosphenytoin. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Fosphenytoin therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - fosphenytoin Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Fosphenytoin. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Fosphenytoin therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - gemfibrozil Gemfibrozil, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tolbutamide, a CYP2C9 substrate. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Tolbutamide therapeutic and adverse effects if Gemfibrozil is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - gemfibrozil Gemfibrozil, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tolbutamide, a CYP2C9 substrate. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Tolbutamide therapeutic and adverse effects if Gemfibrozil is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - glimepiride Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Glimepiride. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Glimepiride therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - glimepiride Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Glimepiride. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Glimepiride therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - glipizide Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Glipizide. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Glipizide therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - glipizide Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Glipizide. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Glipizide therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - ibuprofen Ibuprofen, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tolbutamide, a CYP2C9 substrate. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Tolbutamide therapeutic and adverse effects if Ibuprofen is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - ibuprofen Ibuprofen, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tolbutamide, a CYP2C9 substrate. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Tolbutamide therapeutic and adverse effects if Ibuprofen is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - indomethacin Indomethacin, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tolbutamide, a CYP2C9 substrate. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Tolbutamide therapeutic and adverse effects if Indomethacin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - indomethacin Indomethacin, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tolbutamide, a CYP2C9 substrate. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Tolbutamide therapeutic and adverse effects if Indomethacin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - ketamine Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Ketamine. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Ketamine therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - ketamine Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Ketamine. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Ketamine therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - ketoconazole Ketoconazole, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tolbutamide, a CYP2C9 substrate. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Tolbutamide therapeutic and adverse effects if Ketoconazole is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - ketoconazole Ketoconazole, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tolbutamide, a CYP2C9 substrate. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Tolbutamide therapeutic and adverse effects if Ketoconazole is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - losartan Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Losartan. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Losartan therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - losartan Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Losartan. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Losartan therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - lumiracoxib Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Lumiracoxib. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Lumiracoxib therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - lumiracoxib Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Lumiracoxib. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Lumiracoxib therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - mestranol Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Mestranol. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Mestranol therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - mestranol Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Mestranol. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Mestranol therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - miconazole Miconazole, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tolbutamide, a CYP2C9 substrate. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Tolbutamide therapeutic and adverse effects if Miconazole is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - miconazole Miconazole, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tolbutamide, a CYP2C9 substrate. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Tolbutamide therapeutic and adverse effects if Miconazole is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - montelukast Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Montelukast. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Montelukast therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - montelukast Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Montelukast. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Montelukast therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - nateglinide Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Nateglinide. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Nateglinide therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - nateglinide Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Nateglinide. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Nateglinide therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - nicardipine Nicardipine, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tolbutamide, a CYP2C9 substrate. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Tolbutamide therapeutic and adverse effects if Nicardipine is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - nicardipine Nicardipine, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tolbutamide, a CYP2C9 substrate. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Tolbutamide therapeutic and adverse effects if Nicardipine is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - paclitaxel Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Paclitaxel. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Paclitaxel therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - paclitaxel Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Paclitaxel. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Paclitaxel therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - phenytoin Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Phenytoin. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Phenytoin therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - phenytoin Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Phenytoin. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Phenytoin therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - piroxicam Piroxicam, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tolbutamide, a CYP2C9 substrate. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Tolbutamide therapeutic and adverse effects if Piroxicam is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - piroxicam Piroxicam, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tolbutamide, a CYP2C9 substrate. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Tolbutamide therapeutic and adverse effects if Piroxicam is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - somatropin recombinant Somatropin may antagonize the hypoglycemic effect of Tolbutamide. Dose adjustments of Tolbutamide may be required. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - somatropin recombinant Somatropin may antagonize the hypoglycemic effect of Tolbutamide. Dose adjustments of Tolbutamide may be required. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - sulfadiazine Tolbutamide and Sulfadiazine are strong CYP2C9 inhibitors and substrates. Decreased metabolism and clearance of both agents may occur during concomitant therapy. Consider alternate therpy or monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of both agents if concomitant therapy is initiated, discontinued or dose(s) changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - sulfadiazine Tolbutamide and Sulfadiazine are strong CYP2C9 inhibitors and substrates. Decreased metabolism and clearance of both agents may occur during concomitant therapy. Consider alternate therpy or monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of both agents if concomitant therapy is initiated, discontinued or dose(s) changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - sulfamethoxazole Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Sulfamethoxazole. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Sulfamethoxazole therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - sulfamethoxazole Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Sulfamethoxazole. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Sulfamethoxazole therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - sulfinpyrazone Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Sulfinpyrazone. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Sulfinpyrazone therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - sulfinpyrazone Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Sulfinpyrazone. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Sulfinpyrazone therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - sulfisoxazole Tolbutamide and Sulfisoxazole are strong CYP2C9 inhibitors and substrates. Decreased metabolism and clearance of both agents may occur during concomitant therapy. Consider alternate therpy or monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of both agents if concomitant therapy is initiated, discontinued or dose(s) changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - sulfisoxazole Tolbutamide and Sulfisoxazole are strong CYP2C9 inhibitors and substrates. Decreased metabolism and clearance of both agents may occur during concomitant therapy. Consider alternate therpy or monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of both agents if concomitant therapy is initiated, discontinued or dose(s) changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - tamoxifen Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tamoxifen. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Tamoxifen therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - tamoxifen Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tamoxifen. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Tamoxifen therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - torasemide Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Torasemide. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Torasemide therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - torasemide Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Torasemide. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Torasemide therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - trimethoprim Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Trimethoprim. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Trimethoprim therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - trimethoprim Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Trimethoprim. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Trimethoprim therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - voriconazole Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Voriconazole. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Voriconazole therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - voriconazole Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Voriconazole. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Voriconazole therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - warfarin Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Warfarin. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Warfarin therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - warfarin Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Warfarin. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Warfarin therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - zafirlukast Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Zafirlukast. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Zafirlukast therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - zafirlukast Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Zafirlukast. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Zafirlukast therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - zopiclone Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Zopiclone. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Zopiclone therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
tolbutamide - zopiclone Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Zopiclone. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Zopiclone therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
torasemide - tolbutamide Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may increase the serum concentration of Torasemide, a CYP2C9 substrate, by decreasing Torasemide metabolism and clearance. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of Torasemide if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
trimethoprim - tolbutamide The strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, Tolbutamide, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Trimethoprim, a CYP2C9 substrate. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in therapeutic and adverse effects of Trimethoprim if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
voriconazole - tolbutamide Tolbutamine, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may increase the serum concentration of voriconazole by decreasing its metabolism. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of voriconazole if tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
warfarin - tolbutamide Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism of warfarin. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of warfarin if tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )
zafirlukast - tolbutamide Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of zafirlukast. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in zafirlukast therapeutic and adverse effects if tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. (source: Drug Bank )

Curated Information ?

Relationships from National Drug File - Reference Terminology (NDF-RT)

May Treat
Contraindicated With

Publications related to tolbutamide: 28

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Gene polymorphisms and contents of cytochrome P450s have only limited effects on metabolic activities in human liver microsomes. European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2016. Na Gao, et al. PubMed
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Identification and Functional Assessment of a New CYP2C9 Allelic Variant CYP2C9*59. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2015. Dai Da-Peng, et al. PubMed
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Evaluation of the effects of 20 nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms of CYP2C19 on S-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylation and omeprazole 5'-hydroxylation. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2011. Wang Huijuan, et al. PubMed
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Genetic risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus and response to sulfonylurea treatment. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2011. Swen Jesse J, et al. PubMed
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Effect of CYP2C9 polymorphisms on prescribed dose and time-to-stable dose of sulfonylureas in primary care patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pharmacogenomics. 2010. Swen Jesse J, et al. PubMed
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Cytochrome P450 2C9-CYP2C9. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2010. Van Booven Derek, et al. PubMed
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Relative impact of genotype and enzyme induction on the metabolic capacity of CYP2C9 in healthy volunteers. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2009. Vormfelde S V, et al. PubMed
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The cAMP sensor Epac2 is a direct target of antidiabetic sulfonylurea drugs. Science (New York, N.Y.). 2009. Zhang Chang-Liang, et al. PubMed
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Prediction of the effects of genetic polymorphism on the pharmacokinetics of CYP2C9 substrates from in vitro data. Pharmaceutical research. 2009. Kusama Makiko, et al. PubMed
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Prediction of pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions using human hepatocyte suspension in plasma and cytochrome P450 phenotypic data. II. In vitro-in vivo correlation with ketoconazole. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2008. Lu Chuang, et al. PubMed
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Cytochrome P450 2C9 *2 and *3 polymorphisms and the dose and effect of sulfonylurea in type II diabetes mellitus. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2008. Becker M L, et al. PubMed
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Appropriate phenotyping procedures for drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters in humans and their simultaneous use in the "cocktail" approach. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2007. Fuhr U, et al. PubMed
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Pharmacogenetics of glucose-lowering drug treatment: a systematic review. Molecular diagnosis & therapy. 2007. Bozkurt Ozlem, et al. PubMed
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Enzyme source effects on CYP2C9 kinetics and inhibition. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2006. Kumar Vikas, et al. PubMed
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Clinical consequences of cytochrome P450 2C9 polymorphisms. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2005. Kirchheiner Julia, et al. PubMed
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Discovery of new potentially defective alleles of human CYP2C9. Pharmacogenetics. 2004. Blaisdell Joyce, et al. PubMed
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Clinical relevance of genetic polymorphisms in the human CYP2C9 gene. European journal of clinical investigation. 2003. Schwarz U I. PubMed
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Differential selectivity of insulin secretagogues: mechanisms, clinical implications, and drug interactions. Journal of diabetes and its complications. 2003. Gribble Fiona M, et al. PubMed
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Cytochrome P450 2C9 polymorphisms: a comprehensive review of the in-vitro and human data. Pharmacogenetics. 2002. Lee Craig R, et al. PubMed
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Effects of CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 genetic polymorphisms on the disposition of and blood glucose lowering response to tolbutamide in humans. Pharmacogenetics. 2002. Shon Ji-Hong, et al. PubMed
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Med-psych drug-drug interactions update. Psychosomatics. 2002. Armstrong Scott C, et al. PubMed
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Clinical pharmacokinetics of fluvastatin. Clinical pharmacokinetics. 2001. Scripture C D, et al. PubMed
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Sulfonylurea sensitivity of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels from beta cells and extrapancreatic tissues. Metabolism: clinical and experimental. 2000. Gribble F M, et al. PubMed
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A novel transversion in the intron 5 donor splice junction of CYP2C19 and a sequence polymorphism in exon 3 contribute to the poor metabolizer phenotype for the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. 1999. Ibeanu G C, et al. PubMed
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Decreased tolbutamide-stimulated insulin secretion in healthy subjects with sequence variants in the high-affinity sulfonylurea receptor gene. Diabetes. 1998. Hansen T, et al. PubMed
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An additional defective allele, CYP2C19*5, contributes to the S-mephenytoin poor metabolizer phenotype in Caucasians. Pharmacogenetics. 1998. Ibeanu G C, et al. PubMed
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Sequence variations in the human Kir6.2 gene, a subunit of the beta-cell ATP-sensitive K-channel: no association with NIDDM in while Caucasian subjects or evidence of abnormal function when expressed in vitro. Diabetologia. 1996. Sakura H, et al. PubMed
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Putative active site template model for cytochrome P4502C9 (tolbutamide hydroxylase). Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 1996. Jones B C, et al. PubMed

LinkOuts

Web Resource:
Wikipedia
National Drug Code Directory:
0378-0215-01
DrugBank:
DB01124
ChEBI:
27999
KEGG Compound:
C07148
KEGG Drug:
D00380
PubChem Compound:
5505
PubChem Substance:
149066
46508421
IUPHAR Ligand:
2415
Drugs Product Database (DPD):
156663
ChemSpider:
5304
Therapeutic Targets Database:
DAP000136
FDA Drug Label at DailyMed:
3995eed8-39ec-ce5e-8cc2-062f93445c8d

Clinical Trials

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