Overview
| Trade Names: | Abacin; Abaprim; Alprim; Apo-Sulfatrim; Bactin; Bactramin; Bactrim; Bactrim DS; Bactrim Pediatric; Baktar; Chemotrim; Co-Trimoxazole; Comox; Cotrim; Cotrim D.S.; Drylin; Eusaprim; Fectrim; Gantaprim; Gantrim; Idotrim; Imexim; Instalac; Ipral; Kepinol; Laratrim; Lidaprim; Linaris; Methoprim; Microtrim; Monoprim; Monotrim; Monotrimin; Nopil; Oraprim; Priloprim; Primosept; Primsol; Proloprim; Septra; Septra DS; Septra Grape; Septrin; Sigaprim; Sulfamethoprim; Sulfamethoprim-DS; Sulfamethoxazole & Trimethoprim; Sulfatrim; Sulfatrim Pediatric; Sulfatrim-DS; Sulfatrim-SS; Sulfotrim; Sulmeprim; Sulmeprim Pediatric; Sulprim; Sumetrolim; Supracombin; Suprim; Syraprim; Teleprim; Thiocuran; Tiempe; Tmp-Ratiopharm; Trigonyl; Trimanyl; Trimesulf; Trimeth/Sulfa; Trimethioprim; Trimethopriom; Trimetoprim; Trimexazole; Trimogal; Trimopan; Trimpex; Trimpex 200; Triprim; Unitrim; Uretrim; Uro-Septra; Uroplus; Uroplus DS; Uroplus SS; Wellcoprim |
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| PharmGKB Accession Id: | PA451788 |
Description
A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to pyrimethamine. The interference with folic acid metabolism may cause a depression of hematopoiesis. It is potentiated by sulfonamides and the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole combination is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. trimethoprim resistance has been reported. PubChem (source: Drug Bank)
Indication
For the treatment of initial episodes of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (source: Drug Bank)
ATC Therapeutic Category
- J01EA:Trimethoprim and derivatives
Pharmacology, Interactions, and Contraindications
Mechanism Of Action
Trimethoprim binds to bacterial dihydrofolate reductase, subsequently interfering with the uptake of <i>p</i>-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) into folic acid. As folic acid is a coenzyme responsible for the transport of one-carbon fragments from one molecule to another, it is an essential component of bacterial development. Sulfonamides inhibit bacterial dihydrofolate synthetase, the enzyme immediately preceding dihydrofolate reductase, and therefore act synergistically with trimethoprim. (source: Drug Bank)
Pharmacology
Trimethoprim, a synthetic antiinfective agent, is used to treat and prevent urinary tract infections, diarrhea, and, when combined with either sulfamethoxazole or dapsone, <i>Pneumocystis carinii</i> infections. (source: Drug Bank)
Food Interactions
Do not take calcium, aluminium, magnesium or iron supplements within 2 hours of taking this medication.
Take on empty stomach: 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals.
Take with a full glass of water.
(source:
Drug Bank)
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination & Toxicity
Protein Binding
Approximately 45% (source: Drug Bank)
Toxicity
LD<sub>50</sub>=4850 (orally in mice) (source: Drug Bank)
Isomeric SMILES Code:
COc1cc(cc(c1OC)OC)Cc2cnc(nc2N)N (source: Drug Bank)
The following genes are in curated knowledge about this drug.
| Gene | Relationship | Evidence | |
|---|---|---|---|
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CYP2C8 |
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HLA-DRB1 |
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HSPA1L |
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LTA |
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SCN5A |
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TNF |
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Publications |
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other genes is available.
Drug Targets
| Gene | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| DHFR |
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(source: Drug Bank) |
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other drugs is available.
Drug Interactions
| Drug | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| dofetilide |
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Trimethoprim may significantly reduced the clearance of Dofetilide. Trimethoprim is a cation transport inhibitor and may interfere with renal excretion of Dofetilide. Concomitant use is contraindicated. (source: Drug Bank) |
| leucovorin |
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The efficacy of Trimethoprim may be reduced by Leucovorin (folinic acid). The antibiotic, Trimethoprim, acts by blocking bacterial folic acid metabolism. Leucovorin may reduce the efficacy of Trimethoprim by providing an alternate source of folic acid. The therapeutic effect of Trimethoprim should be closely monitored. (source: Drug Bank) |
| methotrexate |
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Trimethoprim may increase the adverse/toxic effects of Methotrexate (e.g. bone marrow suppression). Concomitant use should be avoided or closely monitored for Methotrexate toxicity. (source: Drug Bank) |
| procainamide |
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Trimethoprim may reduce the clearance of Procainamide. Alternative treatments should be considered. If Trimethoprim is initiated or the dose is increased, monitor for increased toxicity of Procainamide (e.g. QTc intervals, EKG, serum drug concentrations). If Trimethoprim is discontinued or the dose decreased, monitor for reduced effects of Procainamide. (source: Drug Bank) |
Curated Information
The following diseases are in curated knowledge about this drug.
| Disease | Relationship | Evidence | |
|---|---|---|---|
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Heart Arrest |
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Seizures |
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Syncope |
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Tachycardia, Ventricular |
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Torsades de Pointes |
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Ventricular Fibrillation |
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Non-Curated Information
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other diseases is available.
Curated Phenotype Datasets
These datasets are sorted alphabetically by title.
- Drug-Induced Long QT Intervals
- PD
Submitted by Dan Roden, MD involving ADRB1, ADRB2, KCNE1, KCNE2, KCNH2, KCNQ1, SCN5A, almokalant, amiodarone, amitriptyline, bretylium, bupivacaine, cisapride, disopyramide, dofetilide, encainide, fluconazole, haloperidol, hydroquinidine, isoflurane, itraconazole, ketoconazole, lithium, loratadine, metoclopramide, nortriptyline, procainamide, quinidine, sematilide, sotalol, sulfamethoxazole, thioridazine, trimethoprim, , Long QT Syndrome, Proarrhythmia and Torsades de Pointes
Additional Datasets
These datasets are minimally curated and are sorted alphabetically by title.
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LinkOuts
Common Searches
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Non-Curated Publications
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug is available.