Drug/Small Molecule:

trifluridine

An antiviral derivative of thymidine used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to herpes simplex virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557) (source: Drug Bank)

Ophthalmic solution for the treatment of primay keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to herpes simplex virus, types 1 and 2. (source: Drug Bank)

Trifluridine interferes with DNA synthesis in cultured mammalian cells. Trifluridine presumably stops replication of herpes viral DNA in 3 ways: 1) competitive inhibition of viral DNA polymerase, 2) incorporation into and termination of the growing viral DNA chain, and 3) inactivation of the viral DNA polymerase. Trifluridine targets HSV and VSV thymidine kinase. (source: Drug Bank)

Trifluridine is a fluorinated pyrimidine nucleoside with in vitro and in vivo activity against herpes simplex virus, types 1 and 2 and vacciniavirus. Some strains of adenovirus are also inhibited in vitro. Trifluridine is also effective in the treatment of epithelial keratitis that has not responded clinically to the topical administration of idoxuridine or when ocular toxicity or hypersensitivity to idoxuridine has occurred. In a smaller number of patients found to be resistant to topical vidarabine, trifluridine was also effective. Trifluridine interferes with DNA synthesis in cultured mammalian cells. However, its antiviral mechanism of action is not completely known. (source: Drug Bank)

One major metabolite, 5-carboxy-2'-deoxyuridine found on the endothelial side of the cornea, indicating localized metabolism. (source: Drug Bank)

Systemic absorption of trifluridine following therapeutic dosing with trifluridine ophthalmic appears to be negligible. (source: Drug Bank)

Overdosage by ocular instillation is unlikely because any excess solution should be quickly expelled from the conjunctival sac. Acute overdosage by accidental oral ingestion has not occurred. However, should such ingestion occur, the 75 mg dosage of trifluridine in a 7.5 mL bottle of trifluridine is not likely to produce adverse effects. Single intravenous doses of 1.5 to 30 mg/kg/day in children and adults with neoplastic disease produce reversible bone marrow depression as the only potentially serious toxic effect and only after three to five courses of therapy. The acute oral LD₅₀ in the mouse and rat was 4379 mg/kg or higher. (source: Drug Bank)

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