Drug/Small Molecule:

triamterene

A pteridine that is used as a mild diuretic. PubChem (source: Drug Bank)

For the treatment of edema associated with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver, and the nephrotic syndrome; also in steroid-induced edema, idiopathic edema, and edema due to secondary hyperaldosteronism. (source: Drug Bank)

Triamterene interferes with sodium reabsorption in the distal renal tubule by inhibiting sodium transport mechanisms directly. Specifically it inhibits the Na⁺/K⁺/2Cl^- co-transporter. The result is an electrical-potential difference across the membrane that blocks the passive distal tubular secretion of potassium. Relative to other diuretics, triamterene has a unique mode of action as it inhibits the reabsorption of sodium ions in exchange for potassium and hydrogen ions at that segment of the distal tubule under the control of adrenal mineralocorticoids (especially aldosterone). (source: Drug Bank)

Triamterene, a relatively weak, potassium-sparing distal tubule diuretic and antihypertensive, is used in the management of hypokalemia. Triamterene is similar in action to amiloride but, unlike amiloride, increases the urinary excretion of magnesium. (source: Drug Bank)

Triamterene is primarily metabolized to the sulfate conjugate of hydroxytriamterene. Both the plasma and urine levels of this metabolite greatly exceed triamterene levels. (source: Drug Bank)

97% (source: Drug Bank)

Rapidly absorbed, with somewhat less than 50% of the oral dose reaching the urine. (source: Drug Bank)

In the event of overdosage it can be theorized that electrolyte imbalance would be the major concern, with particular attention to possible hyperkalemia. Other symptoms that might be seen would be nausea and vomiting, other G.I. disturbances, and weakness. It is conceivable that some hypotension could occur. The oral LD₅₀ in mice is 380 mg/kg. (source: Drug Bank)

C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=NC3=C(N=C(N=C3N=C2N)N)N (source: Drug Bank)