Drug/Small Molecule:

temazepam

Overview

Generic Names:	Hydroxydiazepam; Methyloxazepam; N-Methyloxazepam; Oxydiazepam
IUPAC Name:	7-chloro-3-hydroxy-1-methyl-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one
Trade Names:	Apo-Temazepam; Cerepax; Crisonar; Euhypnos; Euipnos; Gelthix; Levanxene; Levanxol; Levanzene; Mabertin; Normison; Novo-Temazepam; Perdorm; Planum; Remestan; Restoril; Signopam; Temaz
PharmGKB Accession Id:	PA451608

Description

A benzodiazepine that acts as a gamma-aminobutyric acid modulator and anti-anxiety agent. [PubChem]

Indication

For the short-term treatment of insomnia (generally 7-10 days).

ATC Therapeutic Category

• N05CD:Benzodiazepine derivatives

Pharmacology and Interactions

Mechanism Of Action

Benzodiazepines bind nonspecifically to benzodiazepine receptors, which affects muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, motor coordination, and memory. As benzodiazepine receptors are thought to be coupled to gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABA_A) receptors, this enhances the effects of GABA by increasing GABA affinity for the GABA receptor. Binding of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA to the site opens the chloride channel, resulting in a hyperpolarized cell membrane that prevents further excitation of the cell.

Pharmacology

Temazepam is a benzodiazepine used as a hypnotic agent in the management of insomnia. Temazepam produces CNS depression at limbic, thalamic, and hypothalamic levels of the CNS. Temazepam increases the affinity of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) for GABA receptors by binding to benzodiazepine receptors. Results are sedation, hypnosis, skeletal muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, and anxiolytic action.

Food Interactions

Avoid alcohol. Avoid avocado. Avoid excessive quantities of coffee or tea (Caffeine).

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination & Toxicity

Biotransformation

Hepatic. Temazepam is completely metabolized through conjugation prior to excretion. The major metabolite is the O-conjugate of temazepam (90%).

Protein Binding

96%

Absorption

Well absorbed, minimal first-pass metabolism.

Half Life

10-20 hours

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula:

C₁₆H₁₃ClN₂O₂

SMILES Code:

CN1C2=C(C=C(C=C2)Cl)C(=N[C@@H](C1=O)O)C3=CC=CC=C3

(Format: OpenEye Isomeric)

Molecular Weight ( average / monoisotopic )

300.74 / 300.0666

Curated Information

The following genes are in curated knowledge about this drug.

Non-Curated Information

A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other genes is available.

Metabolizing Enzymes

• CYP2C19

Drug Targets

• TSPO

PharmGKB Curated Pathways

• Benzodiazepine pathway (PK)
• Benzodiazepinepathway (PD)

Non-Curated Information

A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other drugs is available.

Drug Interactions

clozapine	Increased risk of toxicity
ethotoin	Possible increased levels of the hydantoin, decrease of benzodiazepine
fosphenytoin	Possible increased levels of the hydantoin, decrease of benzodiazepine
kava	Kava increases the effect of the benzodiazepine
mephenytoin	Possible increased levels of the hydantoin, decrease of benzodiazepine
phenytoin	Possible increased levels of the hydantoin, decrease of benzodiazepine

Curated Information

The following diseases are in curated knowledge about this drug.

	Disease	Relationship	Evidence
	Anxiety Disorders	PD PK	Pathways
	Epilepsy	PD PK	Pathways
	Panic Disorder	PD PK	Pathways

Non-Curated Information

A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other diseases is available.

LinkOuts

Common Searches

Search PubMed
Search Medline Plus
Search PubChem
Search CTD

Non-Curated Publications

A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug is available.