PharmGKB: The Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base

Drug/Small Molecule:
prazosin

2D structure

Overview

Generic Names: Prazocin; Prazosin HCl; Prazosin Hydrochloride; Prazosina [INN-Spanish]; Prazosine [INN-French]; Prazosinum [INN-Latin]
Trade Names: Furazosin; Lentopres; Minipress; Minipress Xl; Vasoflex
PharmGKB Accession Id: PA451093

Description

A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of heart failure, hypertension, pheochromocytoma, Raynaud's syndrome, prostatic hypertrophy, and urinary retention. PubChem (source: Drug Bank)

Indication

For treatment of hypertension and chronic heart failure. (source: Drug Bank)

ATC Therapeutic Category

  • C02CA:Alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonists

Pharmacology, Interactions, and Contraindications

Mechanism Of Action

Prazosin acts by inhibiting the postsynaptic alpha(1)-adrenoceptors on vascular smooth muscle. This inhibits the vasoconstrictor effect of circulating and locally released catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine), resulting in peripheral vasodilation. (source: Drug Bank)

Pharmacology

Prazosin is an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent used to treat hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Accordingly, Prazosin is a selective inhibitor of the alpha1 subtype of alpha adrenergic receptors. In the human prostate, Prazosin antagonizes phenylephrine (alpha1 agonist)-induced contractions, <i>in vitro</i>, and binds with high affinity to the alpha1c adrenoceptor, which is thought to be the predominant functional type in the prostate. Studies in normal human subjects have shown that Prazosin competitively antagonized the pressor effects of phenylephrine (an alpha1 agonist) and the systolic pressor effect of norepinephrine. The antihypertensive effect of Prazosin results from a decrease in systemic vascular resistance and the parent compound Prazosin is primarily responsible for the antihypertensive activity. (source: Drug Bank)

Food Interactions

Avoid alcohol.
Avoid natural licorice.
Take without regard to meals. (source: Drug Bank)

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination & Toxicity

Biotransformation

Primarily hepatic. Several metabolites have been identified in humans and animals (6- O demethyl, 7 O demethyl, 21-piperazinyl-4-amino-6, 7-dimethoxyquinazoline, 2,4-diamino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline). (source: Drug Bank)

Protein Binding

97% (source: Drug Bank)

Absorption

Well-absorbed from gastrointestinal tract; bioavailability is variable (50 to 85%). (source: Drug Bank)

Isomeric SMILES Code:

COc1cc2c(cc1OC)nc(nc2N)N3CCN(CC3)C(=O)c4ccco4 (source: Drug Bank)

Curated Annotations (Curated Annotation)

  1. rs72552784 at chr7:86983850 in ABCB1
    Drug efflux and cell surface expression (by MRK-16 and C219 probes) of P-gp was not different between wild-type and variant forms (single mutants: N21D, F103L, S400N, A893S, A998T, and double mutants: 21D-S400N, N21D-A893S, and S400N-A893S) in an in vitro vaccinia virus-based transient expression system. Fluroescent substrates included calcein AM, bodipy-FL-forskolin, bodipy-FL-verapamil, bodipy-FL-vinblastine, bodipy-FL-prazosin, bisantrene, and bodipy-FL-paclitaxel. There was a slight increase in wild-type P-gp efflux of bodipy-FL-paclitaxel over mutants.
    Variant Name:
    ABCB1: c.2995G>A, mRNA 3413G>A, p.Ala999Thr
    Related Drugs:
    bisantrene, calcein, forskolin, prazosin, verapamil, vinblastine
    Evidence:
    PMID:12065748
  2. rs2032582 at chr7:86998554 in ABCB1
    Drug efflux and cell surface expression (by MRK-16 and C219 probes) of P-gp was not different between wild-type and variant forms (single mutants: N21D, F103L, S400N, A893S, A998T, and double mutants: 21D-S400N, N21D-A893S, and S400N-A893S) in an in vitro vaccinia virus-based transient expression system. Fluroescent substrates included calcein AM, bodipy-FL-forskolin, bodipy-FL-verapamil, bodipy-FL-vinblastine, bodipy-FL-prazosin, bisantrene, and bodipy-FL-paclitaxel. There was a slight increase in wild-type P-gp efflux of bodipy-FL-paclitaxel over mutants.
    Variant Name:
    ABCB1: c.2677G>T/A, mRNA 3095G>T/A, p.Ala893Ser/Thr
    Related Drugs:
    bisantrene, calcein, forskolin, prazosin, verapamil, vinblastine
    Evidence:
    PMID:12065748
  3. rs2229109 at chr7:87017745 in ABCB1
    Drug efflux and cell surface expression (by MRK-16 and C219 probes) of P-gp was not different between wild-type and variant forms (single mutants: N21D, F103L, S400N, A893S, A998T, and double mutants: 21D-S400N, N21D-A893S, and S400N-A893S) in an in vitro vaccinia virus-based transient expression system. Fluroescent substrates included calcein AM, bodipy-FL-forskolin, bodipy-FL-verapamil, bodipy-FL-vinblastine, bodipy-FL-prazosin, bisantrene, and bodipy-FL-paclitaxel. There was a slight increase in wild-type P-gp efflux of bodipy-FL-paclitaxel over mutants.
    Variant Name:
    ABCB1: c.1199G>A, mRNA 1617G>A, p.Ser400Asn
    Related Drugs:
    bisantrene, calcein, forskolin, prazosin, verapamil, vinblastine
    Evidence:
    PMID:12065748
  4. rs9282564 at chr7:87067376 in ABCB1
    Drug efflux and cell surface expression (by MRK-16 and C219 probes) of P-gp was not different between wild-type and variant forms (single mutants: N21D, F103L, S400N, A893S, A998T, and double mutants: 21D-S400N, N21D-A893S, and S400N-A893S) in an in vitro vaccinia virus-based transient expression system. Fluroescent substrates included calcein AM, bodipy-FL-forskolin, bodipy-FL-verapamil, bodipy-FL-vinblastine, bodipy-FL-prazosin, bisantrene, and bodipy-FL-paclitaxel. There was a slight increase in wild-type P-gp efflux of bodipy-FL-paclitaxel over mutants.
    Variant Name:
    ABCB1: c.61A>G, mRNA 479A>G, p.Asn21Asp
    Related Drugs:
    bisantrene, calcein, forskolin, prazosin, verapamil, vinblastine
    Evidence:
    PMID:12065748
Variant names are different names that have been used in the literature and other resources to refer to the same variant.

The following genes are in curated knowledge about this drug.

  Gene Relationship Evidence
Phenotype data available Genotype Data Available Literature annotations available Has annotations
ABCB1
  •   
  •   
  •   
  •   
  •   
Variants
No phenotype data No genotype data Literature annotations available Not annotated
ADRA1A
  •   
  •   
  •   
  • FA
  •   
Publications
No phenotype data No genotype data Literature annotations available Not annotated
ADRA1B
  •   
  •   
  •   
  • FA
  •   
Publications

A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other genes is available.

Drug Targets

Gene Description
ADRA1A Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)
ADRA1B Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)
ADRA1D Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)

A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other drugs is available.

Drug Interactions

Drug Description
acebutolol Uncurated Annotation Risk of hypotension at the beginning of therapy (source: Drug Bank)
atenolol Uncurated Annotation Risk of hypotension at the beginning of therapy (source: Drug Bank)
betaxolol Uncurated Annotation Risk of hypotension at the beginning of therapy (source: Drug Bank)
bevantolol Uncurated Annotation Risk of hypotension at the beginning of therapy (source: Drug Bank)
bisoprolol Uncurated Annotation Risk of hypotension at the beginning of therapy (source: Drug Bank)
carteolol Uncurated Annotation Risk of hypotension at the beginning of therapy (source: Drug Bank)
carvedilol Uncurated Annotation Risk of hypotension at the beginning of therapy (source: Drug Bank)
digoxin Uncurated Annotation Prazosin increases the effect of digoxin (source: Drug Bank)
esmolol Uncurated Annotation Risk of hypotension at the beginning of therapy (source: Drug Bank)
labetalol Uncurated Annotation Risk of hypotension at the beginning of therapy (source: Drug Bank)
metoprolol Uncurated Annotation Risk of hypotension at the beginning of therapy (source: Drug Bank)
nadolol Uncurated Annotation Risk of hypotension at the beginning of therapy (source: Drug Bank)
oxprenolol Uncurated Annotation Risk of hypotension at the beginning of therapy (source: Drug Bank)
penbutolol Uncurated Annotation Risk of hypotension at the beginning of therapy (source: Drug Bank)
pindolol Uncurated Annotation Risk of hypotension at the beginning of therapy (source: Drug Bank)
practolol Uncurated Annotation Risk of hypotension at the beginning of therapy (source: Drug Bank)
propranolol Uncurated Annotation Risk of hypotension at the beginning of therapy (source: Drug Bank)
sotalol Uncurated Annotation Risk of hypotension at the beginning of therapy (source: Drug Bank)
tadalafil Uncurated Annotation Risk of significant hypotension with this association (source: Drug Bank)
timolol Uncurated Annotation Risk of hypotension at the beginning of therapy (source: Drug Bank)
verapamil Uncurated Annotation Risk of hypotension at the beginning of therapy (source: Drug Bank)

Non-Curated Information

A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other diseases is available.

LinkOuts

Web Resource:
Wikipedia
DrugBank:
DB00457
KEGG Compound ID:
C07368
PubChem Compound ID:
4893
PubChem Substance ID:
9572
IUPHAR Ligand ID:
503

Common Searches

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Non-Curated Publications

A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug is available.

PharmGKB integrates drug information from different sources: DrugBank, Open Eye Scientific Software.
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