Overview
| Generic Names: | Betapindol; Prinodolol |
|---|---|
| Trade Names: | Blockin L; Blocklin L; Calvisken; Cardilate; Decreten; Durapindol; Glauco-Visken; Pectobloc; Pinbetol; Pynastin; Visken |
| Brand Mixtures: | Viskazide 10/25tab (Hydrochlorothiazide + Pindolol); Viskazide 10/50tab (Hydrochlorothiazide + Pindolol) |
| PharmGKB Accession Id: | PA450966 |
Description
A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (adrenergic beta-antagonists). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638) (source: Drug Bank)
Indication
For the management of hypertension, edema, ventricular tachycardias, and atrial fibrillation. (source: Drug Bank)
ATC Therapeutic Category
- C07AA:Beta blocking agents, non-selective
Pharmacology, Interactions, and Contraindications
Mechanism Of Action
Pindolol non-selectively blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors mainly in the heart, inhibiting the effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine resulting in a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure. By binding beta-2 receptors in the juxtaglomerular apparatus, Pindolol inhibits the production of renin, thereby inhibiting angiotensin II and aldosterone production and therefore inhibits the vasoconstriction and water retention due to angiotensin II and aldosterone, respectively. (source: Drug Bank)
Pharmacology
Pindolol is a non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist (beta-blocker) which possesses intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) in therapeutic dosage ranges but does not possess quinidine-like membrane stabilizing activity. Pindolol impairs AV node conduction and decreases sinus rate and may also increase plasma triglycerides and decrease HDL-cholesterol levels. Pindolol is nonpolar and hydrophobic, with low to moderate lipid solubility. Pindolol has little to no intrinsic sympathomimetic activity and, unlike some other beta-adrenergic blocking agents, pindolol has little direct myocardial depressant activity and does not have an anesthetic-like membrane-stabilizing action. (source: Drug Bank)
Food Interactions
Magnesium, potassium and zinc needs increased.
Take without regard to meals. Avoid alcohol.
(source:
Drug Bank)
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination & Toxicity
Biotransformation
Hepatic. In man, 35% to 40% is excreted unchanged in the urine and 60% to 65% is metabolized primarily to hydroxy-metabolites which are excreted as glucuronides and ethereal sulfates. (source: Drug Bank)
Protein Binding
40% (source: Drug Bank)
Absorption
Rapidly and reproducibly absorbed (bioavailability greater than 95%). (source: Drug Bank)
Toxicity
LD<sub>50</sub>=263 mg/kg (orally in rats). Signs of overdose include excessive bradycardia, cardiac failure, hypotension, and bronchospasm. (source: Drug Bank)
Isomeric SMILES Code:
CC(C)NCC(COc1cccc2c1cc[nH]2)O (source: Drug Bank)
The following genes are in curated knowledge about this drug.
Primary phenotype data has been submitted and is available
| Gene | Relationship | Evidence | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
GRK5 |
|
Publications |
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other genes is available.
Drug Targets
| Gene | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| HTR1A |
|
(source: Drug Bank) |
| HTR1B |
|
(source: Drug Bank) |
| ADRB1 |
|
(source: Drug Bank) |
| ADRB2 |
|
(source: Drug Bank) |
| ADRB3 |
|
(source: Drug Bank) |
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other drugs is available.
Drug Interactions
| Drug | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| Methyldopa |
|
Possible hypertensive crisis (source: Drug Bank) |
| acetohexamide |
|
The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia (source: Drug Bank) |
| aminophylline |
|
Antagonism of action and increased effect of theophylline (source: Drug Bank) |
| chlorpromazine |
|
Increased effect of both drugs (source: Drug Bank) |
| chlorpropamide |
|
The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia (source: Drug Bank) |
| clonidine |
|
Increased hypertension when clonidine stopped (source: Drug Bank) |
| dihydroergotamine |
|
Ischemia with risk of gangrene (source: Drug Bank) |
| dihydroergotoxine |
|
Ischemia with risk of gangrene (source: Drug Bank) |
| diltiazem |
|
Increased risk of bradycardia (source: Drug Bank) |
| disopyramide |
|
The beta-blocker increases toxicity of disopyramide (source: Drug Bank) |
| dyphylline |
|
Antagonism of action and increased effect of theophylline (source: Drug Bank) |
| epinephrine |
|
Hypertension, then bradycardia (source: Drug Bank) |
| ergonovine |
|
Ischemia with risk of gangrene (source: Drug Bank) |
| ergotamine |
|
Ischemia with risk of gangrene (source: Drug Bank) |
| fenoterol |
|
Antagonism (source: Drug Bank) |
| formoterol |
|
Antagonism (source: Drug Bank) |
| glibenclamide |
|
The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia (source: Drug Bank) |
| gliclazide |
|
The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia (source: Drug Bank) |
| glipizide |
|
The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia (source: Drug Bank) |
| glisoxepide |
|
The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia (source: Drug Bank) |
| glycodiazine |
|
The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia (source: Drug Bank) |
| ibuprofen |
|
Risk of inhibition of renal prostaglandins (source: Drug Bank) |
| indomethacin |
|
Risk of inhibition of renal prostaglandins (source: Drug Bank) |
| isoproterenol |
|
Antagonism (source: Drug Bank) |
| l-methyldopa |
|
Possible hypertensive crisis (source: Drug Bank) |
| lidocaine |
|
The beta-blocker increases the effect and toxicity of lidocaine (source: Drug Bank) |
| mesoridazine |
|
Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias (source: Drug Bank) |
| methysergide |
|
Ischemia with risk of gangrene (source: Drug Bank) |
| orciprenaline |
|
Antagonism (source: Drug Bank) |
| oxtriphylline |
|
Antagonism of action and increased effect of theophylline (source: Drug Bank) |
| pirbuterol |
|
Antagonism (source: Drug Bank) |
| piroxicam |
|
Risk of inhibition of renal prostaglandins (source: Drug Bank) |
| prazosin |
|
Risk of hypotension at the beginning of therapy (source: Drug Bank) |
| procaterol |
|
Antagonism (source: Drug Bank) |
| repaglinide |
|
The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia (source: Drug Bank) |
| salbutamol |
|
Antagonism (source: Drug Bank) |
| salmeterol |
|
Antagonism (source: Drug Bank) |
| terbutaline |
|
Antagonism (source: Drug Bank) |
| theophylline |
|
Antagonism of action and increased effect of theophylline (source: Drug Bank) |
| thioridazine |
|
Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias (source: Drug Bank) |
| tolazamide |
|
The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia (source: Drug Bank) |
| tolbutamide |
|
The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia (source: Drug Bank) |
| verapamil |
|
Increased effect of both drugs (source: Drug Bank) |
Curated Information
The following diseases are in curated knowledge about this drug.
| Disease | Relationship | Evidence | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated |
|
Publications |
|
|
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic |
|
Publications |
|
|
Heart Failure |
|
Publications |
Non-Curated Information
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other diseases is available.
Additional Datasets
These datasets are minimally curated and are sorted alphabetically by title.
LinkOuts
Common Searches
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Non-Curated Publications
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug is available.