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Overview
| Generic Names: | Fenilefrina [INN-Spanish]; L-Phenylephedrine; L-Phenylephrine; M-Methylaminoethanolphenol; M-Oxedrine; Metaoxedrin; Metaoxedrine; Metaoxedrinum; Metasynephrine; Phenylephrinum [INN-Latin] |
|---|---|
| IUPAC Name: | 3-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-methylaminoethyl]phenol |
| Trade Names: | AK-Dilate; AK-Nefrin; Adrianol; Alcon Efrin; Alconefrin Nasal Drops 12; Alconefrin Nasal Drops 25; Alconefrin Nasal Drops 50; Alconefrin Nasal Spray 25; Biomydrin; Dilatair; Dimetane; Dionephrine; Doktors; Duration; I-Phrine; Isophrim; Isophrin; Isopto Frin; M-Sympathol; M-Sympatol; M-Synephrine; Mesaton; Mesatone; Mesatonum; Metasympatol; Metsatonum; Mezaton; Minims Phenylephrine; Mydfrin; Neo-Synephrine; Neo-Synephrine Nasal Drops; Neo-Synephrine Nasal Jelly; Neo-Synephrine Nasal Spray; Neofrin; Neophryn; Neosynephrine; Nostril; Nostril Spray Pump; Nostril Spray Pump Mild; Ocu-Phrin Sterile Eye Drops; Ocugestrin; Phenoptic; Prefrin; Prefrin Liquifilm; Pyracort D; Relief Eye Drops for Red Eyes; Rhinall; Spersaphrine; Vicks Sinex; Visadron |
| Brand Mixtures: | AK Vernacon Oph Soln (Pheniramine Maleate + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride); Biohisdex DM Decongestant (Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide + Diphenylpyraline Hydrochloride + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride); Biohisdine DM Decongestant (Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide + Diphenylpyraline Hydrochloride + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride); Chemhisdex DM Decongestant (Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide + Diphenylpyraline Hydrochloride + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride); Chemhisdine DM Decongestant (Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide + Diphenylpyraline Hydrochloride + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride); Citron Chaud Cumberland Pws (Acetaminophen + Pheniramine Maleate + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride + Vitamin C); Citron Chaud DM Cumberland Pws (Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide + Pheniramine Maleate + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride + Vitamin C); Codalin (Codeine Phosphate + Diphenylpyraline Hydrochloride + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride); Cold & Allergy (Brompheniramine Maleate + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride + Phenylpropanolamine Hydrochloride); Cold & Allergy Relief - Liq (Brompheniramine Maleate + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride + Phenylpropanolamine Hydrochloride); Cough, Cold & Allergy Relief (Brompheniramine Maleate + Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride + Phenylpropanolamine Hydrochloride); DayQuil (Acetaminophen + Dextromethorphan + Phenylephrine); Decongestant Antihistaminic Syrup (Brompheniramine Maleate + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride + Phenylpropanolamine Hydrochloride); Dimetane Expectorant Liq (Brompheniramine Maleate + Guaifenesin + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride + Phenylpropanolamine Hydrochloride); Dimetane Expectorant-C Syr (Brompheniramine Maleate + Codeine Phosphate + Guaifenesin + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride + Phenylpropanolamine Hydrochloride); Dimetane Expectorant-DC Syr (Brompheniramine Maleate + Guaifenesin + Hydrocodone Bitartrate + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride + Phenylpropanolamine Hydrochloride); Dimetapp (Brompheniramine Maleate + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride); Dimetapp Cold & Sinus (Acetaminophen + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride + Phenylpropanolamine Hydrochloride); Dimetapp DM Elixir (Brompheniramine Maleate + Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride + Phenylpropanolamine Hydrochloride); Dimetapp DM Tab (Brompheniramine Maleate + Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride + Phenylpropanolamine Hydrochloride); Dimetapp Elixir (Brompheniramine Maleate + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride + Phenylpropanolamine Hydrochloride); Dimetapp Extentabs (Brompheniramine Maleate + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride + Phenylpropanolamine Hydrochloride); Dimetapp Extra Strength (Brompheniramine Maleate + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride); Dimetapp Oral Infant Cold Drops (Brompheniramine Maleate + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride); Dimetapp Oral Infant Drops (Brompheniramine Maleate + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride + Phenylpropanolamine Hydrochloride); Dimetapp Tab (Brompheniramine Maleate + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride + Phenylpropanolamine Hydrochloride); Dimetapp-C Syr (Brompheniramine Maleate + Codeine Phosphate + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride + Phenylpropanolamine Hydrochloride); Hemorrhoidal Ointment (Mineral Oil + Petrolatum + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride + Shark Liver Oil); Hot Lemon Relief DM Adult (Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide + Pheniramine Maleate + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride); Hot Lemon Relief Pws (Acetaminophen + Pheniramine Maleate + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride + Vitamin C); Hot Lemon Relief for Cold Symptoms Ext Str (Acetaminophen + Pheniramine Maleate + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride + Vitamin C); Hot Lemon Relief for Cold Symptoms Pws (Acetaminophen + Pheniramine Maleate + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride + Vitamin C); Hot Lemon for Colds Powder (Acetaminophen + Pheniramine Maleate + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride + Vitamin C); Lemon Relief for Adults (Acetaminophen + Pheniramine Maleate + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride); Lemon Time (Acetaminophen + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride + Pyrilamine Maleate + Vitamin C); Neo Citran Extra Strength (Acetaminophen + Pheniramine Maleate + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride); Neo Citran Nutrasweet (Acetaminophen + Pheniramine Maleate + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride); Neo Citran Powder (Acetaminophen + Pheniramine Maleate + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride + Vitamin C); Neo Citran a Powder (Pheniramine Maleate + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride + Vitamin C); Neo Synephrine Nasal Spray (Phenylephrine Hydrochloride + Thenyldiamine Hcl.); Neo-Synephrine Nasal Spray (Phenylephrine Hydrochloride + Thenyldiamine Hcl.); Nezger Tab (Acetylsalicylic Acid + Diphenylpyraline Hydrochloride + Guaifenesin + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride); Novahistex C (Codeine Phosphate + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride); Novahistex Dh Expectorant (Guaifenesin + Hydrocodone Bitartrate + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride); Occu-Cal Drops (Boric Acid + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride + Sodium Borate); Occu-Cal Lotion (Boric Acid + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride + Sodium Borate); Pharmetapp Elixir (Brompheniramine Maleate + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride + Phenylpropanolamine Hydrochloride); Phenergan VC Expectorant Syr (Phenylephrine Hydrochloride + Potassium Guaiacol Sulphonate + Promethazine Hydrochloride); Phenergan VC Expectorant W Codeine Liq (Codeine Phosphate + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride + Potassium Guaiacol Sulphonate + Promethazine Hydrochloride); Soframycin Nasal Spray (Framycetin Sulfate + Gramicidin + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride); Tantapp Elixir (Brompheniramine Maleate + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride + Phenylpropanolamine Hydrochloride); Vasosulf Oph Soln (Phenylephrine Hydrochloride + Sulfacetamide Sodium) |
| PharmGKB Accession Id: | PA450935 |
Description
An alpha-adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent. [PubChem]
Indication
For the treatment of ophthalmic disorders (hyperaemia of conjunctiva, posterior synechiae, acute atopic), nasal congestion, hemorrhoids, hypotension, shock, hypotension during spinal anesthesia, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. It is also used as an aid in the diagnosis of heart murmurs and for prolongation of spinal anesthesia
ATC Therapeutic Categories
- C01CA:Adrenergic and dopaminergic agents
- C05AX:Other agents for treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures for topical use
- R01AA:Sympathomimetics, plain
- R01AB:Sympathomimetics, combinations excl. corticosteroids
- R01BA:Sympathomimetics
- S01FB:Sympathomimetics excl. antiglaucoma preparations
- S01GA:Sympathomimetics used as decongestants
Pharmacology and Interactions
Mechanism Of Action
Phenylephrine produces its ophthalmic and systemic actions by acting on alpha 1 adrenergic receptors in the pupillary dilator muscle and the vascular smooth musle, resulting in contraction of the dilator muscle and contraction of the smooth muscle in the arterioles of the conjunctiva and peripheral vasoconstriction. Phenylephrine decreases nasal congestion by acting on alpha 1 adrenergic receptors in the arterioles of the nasal mucosa to produce constriction.
Pharmacology
Phenylephrine is a powerful vasoconstrictor. It is used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent. Phenylephrine is a postsynaptic alpha-receptor stimulant with little effect on the beta receptors of the heart. Parenteral administration of Phenylephrine causes a rise in systolic and diastolic pressures, cardiac output is slightly decreased and peripheral resistance is considerably increased, most vascular beds are constricted; renal, splanchnic, cutaneous, and limb blood flows are reduced but coronary blood flow is increased. Pulmonary vessels are constricted, and pulmonary arterial pressure is raised. This alpha receptor sympathetic agonist is also used locally because its vasoconstrictor and mydriatic action.
Food Interactions
Take without regard to meals.
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination & Toxicity
Biotransformation
Oral phenylephrine is extensively metabolised by monoamine oxidase, an enzyme which is present in the stomach and liver.
Protein Binding
95% binding-plasma proteins
Absorption
Reduced bioavailability (compared to pseudoephedrine) following oral administration due to significant first-pass metabolism.
Half Life
2.1 to 3.4 hours
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula:
C9H13NO2
SMILES Code:
CNC[C@@H](c1cccc(c1)O)O
(Format: OpenEye Isomeric)
Molecular Weight ( average / monoisotopic )
167.205 / 167.0946
Curated Information
The following genes are in curated knowledge about this drug.
| Gene | Relationship | Evidence | |
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ACE |
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NOS3 |
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Publications |
Non-Curated Information
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other genes is available.
Metabolizing Enzymes
Drug Targets
PharmGKB Curated Pathways
Non-Curated Information
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other drugs is available.
Drug Interactions
| alseroxylon | Increased arterial pressure |
| amitriptyline | The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effect |
| amoxapine | The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effect |
| clomipramine | The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effect |
| deserpidine | Increased arterial pressure |
| desipramine | The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effect |
| doxepin | The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effect |
| ergonovine | Possible marked increase of arterial pressure |
| guanethidine | The agent decreases the effect of guanethidine |
| imipramine | The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effect |
| isocarboxazid | Increased arterial pressure |
| linezolid | Possible increase of arterial pressure |
| methyldopa | Increased arterial pressure |
| methylergonovine | Possible marked increase of arterial pressure |
| midodrine | Increased arterial pressure |
| moclobemide | Moclobemide increases the sympathomimetic effect |
| nortriptyline | The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effect |
| oxytocin | Possible marked increase of arterial pressure |
| pargyline | Increased arterial pressure |
| phenelzine | Increased arterial pressure |
| protriptyline | The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effect |
| rasagiline | Increased arterial pressure |
| reserpine | Increased arterial pressure |
| tranylcypromine | Increased arterial pressure |
| trimipramine | The tricyclic increases the sympathomimetic effect |
Curated Information
The following diseases are in curated knowledge about this drug.
| Disease | Relationship | Evidence | |
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Angina Pectoris |
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Publications |
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Cardiovascular Diseases |
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Publications |
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Coronary Artery Disease |
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Publications |
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Coronary Disease |
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Publications |
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Heart Failure |
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Publications |
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Hypertension |
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Publications |
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Hypotension |
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Publications |
Non-Curated Information
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other diseases is available.
Curated Phenotype Datasets
These datasets are sorted alphabetically by title.
- Blood pressure measurements




- PD
Submitted by Daniel T. O'Connor, MD involving ADRB2, acetylcholine, isoproterenol, NG-monomethyl-l-arginine, phenylephrine, and Cardiovascular Diseases
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Non-Curated Publications
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug is available.
