Overview
| Trade Names: | Beta-phenylethylhydrazine; Fenelzina [INN-Spanish]; Fenelzyna; Fenelzyne; Nardil; Phenalzine; Phenelezine; Phenelzinum [INN-Latin]; Phenethylhydrazine; Phenylethyl hydrazine-HCl; Phenylethylhydrazine; Stinerval |
|---|---|
| PharmGKB Accession Id: | PA450903 |
Description
One of the monoamine oxidase inhibitors used to treat depression; phobic disorders; and panic. PubChem (source: Drug Bank)
Indication
For the treatment of depression. (source: Drug Bank)
ATC Therapeutic Category
- N06AF:Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, non-selective
Pharmacology, Interactions, and Contraindications
Mechanism Of Action
The irreversible inhibition of MAO by phenelzine causes an increase in the levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the neuron, relieving depressive symptoms. (source: Drug Bank)
Pharmacology
Phenelzine belongs to a class of antidepressants called monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Phenelzine works by irreversibly blocking the action of a chemical substance known as monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the nervous system. Within neurons, MAO appears to regulate the levels of monoamines released upon synaptic firing. Since depression is associated with low levels of monoamines, the inhibition of MAO serves to ease depressive symptoms. (source: Drug Bank)
Food Interactions
Avoid St.John's Wort.
Avoid aged foods (cheese, red wine), pickled foods, cured foods (bacon/ham), chocolate, fava beans, beer, unless approved by your physician.
Avoid alcohol.
Avoid excessive quantities of coffee or tea (Caffeine).
Take without regard to meals.
(source:
Drug Bank)
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination & Toxicity
Biotransformation
Hepatic. Acetylation of phenelzine appears to be a minor metabolic pathway. Beta-phenylethylamine is a metabolite of phenelzine, and there is indirect evidence that phenelzine may also be ring-hydroxylated and N-methylated. (source: Drug Bank)
Absorption
Readily absorbed after oral administration. (source: Drug Bank)
Toxicity
Symptoms of overdose include drowsiness, dizziness, faintness, irritability, hyperactivity, agitation, severe headache, hallucinations, trismus, opisthotonos, convulsions and coma, rapid and irregular pulse, hypertension, hypotension and vascular collapse, precordial pain, respiratory depression and failure, hyperpyrexia, diaphoresis, and cool, clammy skin. (source: Drug Bank)
Isomeric SMILES Code:
c1ccc(cc1)CCNN (source: Drug Bank)
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other genes is available.
Drug Targets
| Gene | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| AOC3 |
|
(source: Drug Bank) |
| MAOA |
|
(source: Drug Bank) |
| MAOB |
|
(source: Drug Bank) |
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other drugs is available.
Drug Interactions
| Drug | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| almotriptan |
|
The MAO inhibitor increases the effect and toxicity of 5-HT agonist (source: Drug Bank) |
| amitriptyline |
|
Possibility of severe adverse effects (source: Drug Bank) |
| amoxapine |
|
Possibility of severe adverse effects (source: Drug Bank) |
| amphetamine |
|
Possible hypertensive crisis (source: Drug Bank) |
| atomoxetine |
|
Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination (source: Drug Bank) |
| benzphetamine |
|
Possible hypertensive crisis (source: Drug Bank) |
| bupropion |
|
Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination (source: Drug Bank) |
| buspirone |
|
Possible blood pressure elevation (source: Drug Bank) |
| chlorpropamide |
|
The MAO inhibitor increases the effect of the hypoglycemic agent (source: Drug Bank) |
| citalopram |
|
Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination (source: Drug Bank) |
| clomipramine |
|
Possibility of severe adverse effects (source: Drug Bank) |
| desipramine |
|
Possibility of severe adverse effects (source: Drug Bank) |
| dextroamphetamine |
|
Possible hypertensive crisis (source: Drug Bank) |
| dextromethorphan |
|
Possible severe adverse reaction (source: Drug Bank) |
| dobutamine |
|
Increased arterial pressure (source: Drug Bank) |
| donepezil |
|
Possible antagonism of action (source: Drug Bank) |
| dopamine |
|
Increased arterial pressure (source: Drug Bank) |
| doxepin |
|
Possibility of severe adverse effects (source: Drug Bank) |
| duloxetine |
|
Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination (source: Drug Bank) |
| ephedrine |
|
Increased arterial pressure (source: Drug Bank) |
| epinephrine |
|
Increased arterial pressure (source: Drug Bank) |
| escitalopram |
|
Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination (source: Drug Bank) |
| fenfluramine |
|
Possible hypertensive crisis (source: Drug Bank) |
| fenoterol |
|
Increased arterial pressure (source: Drug Bank) |
| fluoxetine |
|
Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination (source: Drug Bank) |
| fluvoxamine |
|
Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination (source: Drug Bank) |
| galantamine |
|
Possible antagonism of action (source: Drug Bank) |
| glibenclamide |
|
The MAO inhibitor increases the effect of the hypoglycemic agent (source: Drug Bank) |
| gliclazide |
|
The MAO inhibitor increases the effect of the hypoglycemic agent (source: Drug Bank) |
| glipizide |
|
The MAO inhibitor increases the effect of the hypoglycemic agent (source: Drug Bank) |
| guanethidine |
|
The agent decreases the effect of guanethidine (source: Drug Bank) |
| imipramine |
|
Possibility of severe adverse effects (source: Drug Bank) |
| isoproterenol |
|
Increased arterial pressure (source: Drug Bank) |
| levodopa |
|
Possible hypertensive crisis (source: Drug Bank) |
| mazindol |
|
Possible hypertensive crisis (source: Drug Bank) |
| meperidine |
|
Potentially fatal adverse effects (source: Drug Bank) |
| methamphetamine |
|
Possible hypertensive crisis (source: Drug Bank) |
| methoxamine |
|
Increased arterial pressure (source: Drug Bank) |
| methylphenidate |
|
Possible hypertensive crisis with this combination (source: Drug Bank) |
| mirtazapine |
|
Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination (source: Drug Bank) |
| naratriptan |
|
The MAO inhibitor increases the effect and toxicity of 5-HT agonist (source: Drug Bank) |
| nefazodone |
|
Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination (source: Drug Bank) |
| norepinephrine |
|
Increased arterial pressure (source: Drug Bank) |
| nortriptyline |
|
Possibility of severe adverse effects (source: Drug Bank) |
| orciprenaline |
|
Increased arterial pressure (source: Drug Bank) |
| paroxetine |
|
Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination (source: Drug Bank) |
| phendimetrazine |
|
Possible hypertensive crisis (source: Drug Bank) |
| phendimetrazine |
|
Possible hypertensive crisis (source: Drug Bank) |
| phenylephrine |
|
Increased arterial pressure (source: Drug Bank) |
| pirbuterol |
|
Increased arterial pressure (source: Drug Bank) |
| protriptyline |
|
Possibility of severe adverse effects (source: Drug Bank) |
| pseudoephedrine |
|
Increased arterial pressure (source: Drug Bank) |
| rivastigmine |
|
Possible antagonism of action (source: Drug Bank) |
| rizatriptan |
|
The MAO inhibitor increases the effect and toxicity of rizatriptan (source: Drug Bank) |
| salbutamol |
|
Increased arterial pressure (source: Drug Bank) |
| sertraline |
|
Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination (source: Drug Bank) |
| sibutramine |
|
Possible serotoninergic syndrome with this combination (source: Drug Bank) |
| sumatriptan |
|
The MAO inhibitor increases the effect and toxicity of 5-HT agonist (source: Drug Bank) |
| terbutaline |
|
Increased arterial pressure (source: Drug Bank) |
| tetrabenazine |
|
CNS stimulation, hypertensive upsurge with this combination (source: Drug Bank) |
| tolbutamide |
|
The MAO inhibitor increases the effect of the hypoglycemic agent (source: Drug Bank) |
| tolcapone |
|
Possible hypertensive crisis with this combination (source: Drug Bank) |
| tramadol |
|
Increased risk of seizures and serotonin syndrome (source: Drug Bank) |
| trimipramine |
|
Possibility of severe adverse effects (source: Drug Bank) |
| venlafaxine |
|
Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination (source: Drug Bank) |
| zolmitriptan |
|
The MAO inhibitor increases the effect and toxicity of 5-HT agonist (source: Drug Bank) |
Non-Curated Information
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other diseases is available.
Additional Datasets
These datasets are minimally curated and are sorted alphabetically by title.
LinkOuts
Common Searches
Search PubMed
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Non-Curated Publications
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug is available.