Drug/Small Molecule:

penicillin g

Overview

IUPAC Name:	(2S,5R,6R)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-[(2-phenylacetyl)amino]-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid
Trade Names:	Abbocillin; Ayercillin; Benzopenicillin; Benzylpenicillin; Benzylpenicillin G; Benzylpenicillinic Acid; Bicillin; Bicillin L-A; Cillora; Cilloral; Cilopen; Compocillin G; Cosmopen; Crysticillin 300 A.S.; Dropcillin; Free Benzylpenicillin; Free Penicillin G; Free Penicillin Ii; Galofak; Gelacillin; Liquacillin; Megacillin; Pencillin G; Penicillin; Penicillin G Potassium; Penicillin G Potassium in Plastic Container; Penicillin G Sodium; Penicillin-G Potassium; Penicillinic Acid, Benzyl-; Pentids; Pentids '200'; Permapen; Pfizerpen; Pfizerpen G; Pharmacillin; Phenylacetamidopenicillanic Acid; Pradupen; Specilline G; Ursopen; Wycillin
PharmGKB Accession Id:	PA450842

Description

A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on gamma-aminobutyric acid mediated synaptic transmission. [PubChem]

Indication

For use in the treatment of severe infections caused by penicillin G-susceptible microorganisms when rapid and high penicillin levels are required.

ATC Therapeutic Categories

• J01CE:Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins
• S01AA:Antibiotics

Pharmacology and Interactions

Mechanism Of Action

By binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, penicillin G inhibits the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins; it is possible that penicillin G interferes with an autolysin inhibitor.

Pharmacology

Penicillin G is a penicillin beta-lactam antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually gram-positive, organisms. The name "penicillin" can either refer to several variants of penicillin available, or to the group of antibiotics derived from the penicillins. Penicillin G has in vitro activity against gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The bactericidal activity of penicillin G results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis and is mediated through penicillin G binding to penicillin binding proteins (PBPs). Penicillin G is stable against hydrolysis by a variety of beta-lactamases, including penicillinases, and cephalosporinases and extended spectrum beta-lactamases.

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination & Toxicity

Protein Binding

Bind to serum proteins, mainly albumin.

Absorption

Rapidly absorbed following both intramuscular and subcutaneous injection. Initial blood levels following parenteral administration are high but transient.

Toxicity

Oral LD₅₀ in rat is 8900 mk/kg. Neurological adverse reactions, including convulsions, may occur with the attainment of high CSF levels of beta-lactams.

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula:

C₁₆H₁₈N₂O₄S

SMILES Code:

CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)Cc3ccccc3)C(=O)O)C

(Format: OpenEye Isomeric)

Molecular Weight ( average / monoisotopic )

334.39 / 334.0987

Curated Information

The following genes are in curated knowledge about this drug.

	Gene	Relationship	Evidence
	IFNAR1	GN	Publications
	SLCO1B1	FA	Publications
	SLCO2B1	FA	Publications
	SLCO3A1	FA	Publications
	SLCO4A1	FA	Publications

Non-Curated Information

A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other genes is available.

Non-Curated Information

A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other drugs is available.

Drug Interactions

Curated Information

The following diseases are in curated knowledge about this drug.

	Disease	Relationship	Evidence
	Drug Hypersensitivity	GN	Publications

Non-Curated Information

A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other diseases is available.

Additional Datasets

These datasets are minimally curated and are sorted alphabetically by title.

1. Physicochemical determinants of human renal clearance

LinkOuts

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Non-Curated Publications

A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug is available.