Overview
| Generic Names: | minocycline |
|---|---|
| IUPAC Name: | (2Z,4S,4aS,5aR,12aS)-2-(amino-hydroxymethylidene)-4,7-bis(dimethylamino)-10,11,12a-trihydroxy-4a,5,5a,6-tetrahydro-4H-tetracene-1,3,12-trione |
| Trade Names: | Alti-Minocycline; Apo-Minocycline; Arestin; Dynacin; Gen-Minocycline; Klinomycin; Minociclina [INN-Spanish]; Minocin; Minocyclin; Minocycline HCl; Minocyclinum [INN-Latin]; Minocyn; Minomycin; Novo-Minocycline; Solodyn; Vectrin |
| PharmGKB Accession Id: | PA450519 |
Description
A tetracycline analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant staphylococcus infections. [PubChem]
Indication
For the treatment of infections caused by susceptible strains of microorganisms, such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever, typhus fever and the typhus group, Q fever, rickettsial pox and tick fevers caused by Rickettsiae, upper respiratory tract infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and for the treatment of asymptomatic carriers of Neisseria meningitidis.
ATC Therapeutic Categories
- A01AB:Antiinfectives and antiseptics for local oral treatment
- J01AA:Tetracyclines
Pharmacology and Interactions
Mechanism Of Action
Minocycline passes directly through the lipid bilayer or passively diffuses through porin channels in the bacterial membrane. Tetracyclines like minocycline bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit, preventing the binding of tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex and interfering with protein synthesis.
Pharmacology
Minocycline, the most lipid soluble and most active tetracycline antibiotic, is, like doxycycline, a long-acting tetracycline. Minocycline's effects are related to the inhibition of protein synthesis. Although minocycline's broader spectrum of activity, compared to other members of the group, includes activity against Neisseria meningitidis, its use as a prophylaxis is no longer recomended because of side effects (dizziness and vertigo). Current research is examining the possible neuroprotective effects of minocycline against progression of Huntington's Disease, an inherited neurodegenerative disorder. The neuroprotective action of minocycline may include its inhibitory effect on 5-lipoxygenase, an inflammatory enzyme associated with brain aging.
Food Interactions
Calcium and iron needs increased with long term use. Do not take Aluminum or magnesium antacids or supplements while on this medication. Take with food.
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination & Toxicity
Biotransformation
Hepatic.
Protein Binding
55% to 76%
Absorption
Rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and absorption is not significantly impaired by ingestion of food or milk. Oral bioavailability is 100%.
Half Life
11-22 hours
Toxicity
Minocycline has been observed to cause a dark discoloration of the thyroid in experimental animals (rats, minipigs, dogs and monkeys). In the rat, chronic treatment with minocycline has resulted in goiter accompanied by elevated radioactive iodine uptake and evidence of thyroid tumor production. Minocycline has also been found to produce thyroid hyperplasia in rats and dogs. LD50=2380 mg/kg (rat, oral), LD50=3600 mg/kg (mouse, oral)
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula:
C23H27N3O7
SMILES Code:
CN(C)c1ccc(c2c1C[C@H]3C[C@H]4[C@@H](C(=C(C(=O)[C@]4(C(=C3C2=O)O)O)C(=O)N)O)N(C)C)O
(Format: OpenEye Isomeric)
Molecular Weight ( average / monoisotopic )
457.4764 / 457.1849
Non-Curated Information
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other genes is available.
Drug Targets
Non-Curated Information
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other drugs is available.
Drug Interactions
| acenocoumarol | The tetracycline increases the anticoagulant effect |
| acitretin | Increased risk of intracranial hypertension |
| aluminium | Formation of non-absorbable complexes |
| amoxicillin | Possible antagonism of action |
| ampicillin | Possible antagonism of action |
| anisindione | The tetracycline increases the anticoagulant effect |
| attapulgite | Formation of non-absorbable complexes |
| azlocillin | Possible antagonism of action |
| aztreonam | Possible antagonism of action |
| bacampicillin | Possible antagonism of action |
| bismuth | Formation of non-absorbable complexes |
| bismuth subsalicylate | Formation of non-absorbable complexes |
| calcium | Formation of non-absorbable complexes |
| carbenicillin | Possible antagonism of action |
| clavulanate | Possible antagonism of action |
| cloxacillin | Possible antagonism of action |
| cyclacillin | Possible antagonism of action |
| dicloxacillin | Possible antagonism of action |
| dicumarol | The tetracycline increases the anticoagulant effect |
| digoxin | The tetracycline increases the effect of digoxin in 10% of patients |
| ethinyl estradiol | This anti-infectious agent could decrease the effect of the oral contraceptive |
| etretinate | Increased risk of intracranial hypertension |
| flucloxacillin | Possible antagonism of action |
| hetacillin | Possible antagonism of action |
| insulin | The tetracycline increases the risk of hypoglycemia |
| iron | Formation of non-absorbable complexes |
| isotretinoin | This anti-infectious agent could decrease the effect of the oral contraceptive |
| magnesium | Formation of non-absorbable complexes |
| magnesium oxide | Formation of non-absorbable complexes |
| mestranol | This anti-infectious agent could decrease the effect of the oral contraceptive |
| methicillin acyl-serine | Possible antagonism of action |
| methoxyflurane | The tetracycline increases the renal toxicity of methoxyflurane |
| mezlocillin | Possible antagonism of action |
| nafcillin | Possible antagonism of action |
| oxacillin | Possible antagonism of action |
| penicillin g | Possible antagonism of action |
| penicillin v | Possible antagonism of action |
| piperacillin | Possible antagonism of action |
| pivampicillin | Possible antagonism of action |
| pivmecillinam | Possible antagonism of action |
| salicylate-magnesium | Formation of non-absorbable complexes |
| tazobactam | Possible antagonism of action |
| ticarcillin | Possible antagonism of action |
| trisalicylate-choline | Formation of non-absorbable complexes |
| warfarin | The tetracycline increases the anticoagulant effect |
| zinc | Formation of non-absorbable complexes |
Non-Curated Information
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other diseases is available.
Additional Datasets
These datasets are minimally curated and are sorted alphabetically by title.
LinkOuts
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Non-Curated Publications
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug is available.
