Overview
| Generic Names: | Isocarbonazid; Isocarbossazide [Dcit]; Isocarboxazida [INN-Spanish]; Isocarboxazide; Isocarboxazide [INN-French]; Isocarboxazidum [INN-Latin]; Isocarboxyzid |
|---|---|
| Trade Names: | BMIH; Benazide; Enerzer; Maraplan; Marplan; Marplon |
| PharmGKB Accession Id: | PA450101 |
Description
An MAO inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in the treatment of panic disorder and the phobic disorders. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311) (source: Drug Bank)
Indication
Isocarboxazid is used to treat depression, especially when the patient is excitable or suffering from phobias (fears). (source: Drug Bank)
ATC Therapeutic Category
- N06AF:Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, non-selective
Pharmacology, Interactions, and Contraindications
Mechanism Of Action
Isocarboxazid works by irreversibly blocking the action of a chemical substance known as monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the nervous system. MAO subtypes A and B are involved in the metabolism of serotonin and catecholamine neurotransmitters such as epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine. Isocarboxazid, as a nonselective MAO inhibitor, binds irreversibly to monoamine oxidase–A (MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase–B (MAO-B). The reduced MAO activity results in an increased concentration of these neurotransmitters in storage sites throughout the central nervous system (CNS) and sympathetic nervous system. This increased availability of one or more monoamines is the basis for the antidepressant activity of MAO inhibitors. (source: Drug Bank)
Pharmacology
Isocarboxazid is a non-selective hydrazine monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor used to treat depression. In vivo and in vitro studies demonstrated inhibition of MAO in the brain, heart, and liver. Depression is a complicated disease that is not fully understood. It is thought that depression may be linked to an imbalance of chemicals within the brain. When depression occurs, there may be a decrease in the amount of chemicals released from nerve cells in the brain. These chemicals are called monoamines. Monoamines are broken down by a chemical called monoamine oxidase. Isocarboxazid prevents monoamine oxidase from breaking down the monoamines. This results in an increased amount of active monoamines in the brain. By increasing the amount of monoamines in the brain, the imbalance of chemicals thought to be caused by depression is altered. This helps relieve the symptoms of depression. (source: Drug Bank)
Food Interactions
Take without regard to meals, avoid tyramine, caffeine and alcohol. (source: Drug Bank)
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination & Toxicity
Biotransformation
Hepatic and rapid (by oxidation). (source: Drug Bank)
Absorption
Well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. (source: Drug Bank)
Toxicity
Signs of overdose include severe anxiety, confusion, convulsions, cool clammy skin, severe dizziness, severe drowsiness, fast and irregular pulse, fever, hallucinations, severe headache, high or low blood pressure, hyperactive reflexes, muscle stiffness, respiratory depression or failure, slowed reflexes, sweating, severe trouble in sleeping, and unusual irritability. (source: Drug Bank)
Isomeric SMILES Code:
Cc1cc(no1)C(=O)NNCc2ccccc2 (source: Drug Bank)
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other genes is available.
Drug Targets
| Gene | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| MAOA |
|
(source: Drug Bank) |
| MAOB |
|
(source: Drug Bank) |
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other drugs is available.
Drug Interactions
| Drug | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| almotriptan |
|
MAO inhibitor increases the effects and toxicity of 5-HT agonist (source: Drug Bank) |
| amitriptyline |
|
Possibility of severe adverse effects (source: Drug Bank) |
| amoxapine |
|
Possibility of severe adverse effects (source: Drug Bank) |
| amphetamine |
|
Possible hypertensive crisis (source: Drug Bank) |
| atomoxetine |
|
Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination (source: Drug Bank) |
| benzphetamine |
|
Possible hypertensive crisis (source: Drug Bank) |
| bupropion |
|
Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination (source: Drug Bank) |
| buspirone |
|
Possible blood pressure elevation (source: Drug Bank) |
| chlorpropamide |
|
The MAO inhibitor increases the effect of hypoglycemic agent (source: Drug Bank) |
| citalopram |
|
Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination (source: Drug Bank) |
| clomipramine |
|
Possibility of severe adverse effects (source: Drug Bank) |
| desipramine |
|
Possibility of severe adverse effects (source: Drug Bank) |
| dextroamphetamine |
|
Possible hypertensive crisis (source: Drug Bank) |
| dextromethorphan |
|
Possible severe adverse reaction (source: Drug Bank) |
| dobutamine |
|
Increased arterial pressure (source: Drug Bank) |
| donepezil |
|
Possible antagonism of action (source: Drug Bank) |
| dopamine |
|
Increased arterial pressure (source: Drug Bank) |
| doxepin |
|
Possibility of severe adverse effects (source: Drug Bank) |
| duloxetine |
|
Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination (source: Drug Bank) |
| ephedrine |
|
Increased arterial pressure (source: Drug Bank) |
| epinephrine |
|
Increased arterial pressure (source: Drug Bank) |
| escitalopram |
|
Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination (source: Drug Bank) |
| fenfluramine |
|
Possible hypertensive crisis (source: Drug Bank) |
| fenoterol |
|
Increased arterial pressure (source: Drug Bank) |
| fluoxetine |
|
Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination (source: Drug Bank) |
| fluvoxamine |
|
Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination (source: Drug Bank) |
| galantamine |
|
Possible antagonism of action (source: Drug Bank) |
| glibenclamide |
|
The MAO inhibitor increases the effect of hypoglycemic agent (source: Drug Bank) |
| gliclazide |
|
The MAO inhibitor increases the effect of hypoglycemic agent (source: Drug Bank) |
| glipizide |
|
The MAO inhibitor increases the effect of hypoglycemic agent (source: Drug Bank) |
| guanethidine |
|
The agent decreases the effect of guanethidine (source: Drug Bank) |
| imipramine |
|
Possibility of severe adverse effects (source: Drug Bank) |
| isoproterenol |
|
Increased arterial pressure (source: Drug Bank) |
| l-tryptophan |
|
Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination (source: Drug Bank) |
| levodopa |
|
Possible hypertensive crisis (source: Drug Bank) |
| mazindol |
|
Possible hypertensive crisis (source: Drug Bank) |
| meperidine |
|
Potentially fatal adverse effects (source: Drug Bank) |
| methamphetamine |
|
Possible hypertensive crisis (source: Drug Bank) |
| methoxamine |
|
Increased arterial pressure (source: Drug Bank) |
| methylphenidate |
|
Possible hypertensive crisis with this combination (source: Drug Bank) |
| mirtazapine |
|
Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination (source: Drug Bank) |
| naratriptan |
|
MAO inhibitor increases the effects and toxicity of 5-HT agonist (source: Drug Bank) |
| nefazodone |
|
Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination (source: Drug Bank) |
| norepinephrine |
|
Increased arterial pressure (source: Drug Bank) |
| nortriptyline |
|
Possibility of severe adverse effects (source: Drug Bank) |
| orciprenaline |
|
Increased arterial pressure (source: Drug Bank) |
| paroxetine |
|
Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination (source: Drug Bank) |
| phendimetrazine |
|
Possible hypertensive crisis (source: Drug Bank) |
| phenylephrine |
|
Increased arterial pressure (source: Drug Bank) |
| pirbuterol |
|
Increased arterial pressure (source: Drug Bank) |
| protriptyline |
|
Possibility of severe adverse effects (source: Drug Bank) |
| pseudoephedrine |
|
Increased arterial pressure (source: Drug Bank) |
| rivastigmine |
|
Possible antagonism of action (source: Drug Bank) |
| rizatriptan |
|
The MAO inhibitor increases the effect and toxicity of rizatriptan (source: Drug Bank) |
| salbutamol |
|
Increased arterial pressure (source: Drug Bank) |
| sertraline |
|
Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination (source: Drug Bank) |
| sibutramine |
|
Possible serotoninergic syndrome with this combination (source: Drug Bank) |
| sumatriptan |
|
MAO inhibitor increases the effects and toxicity of 5-HT agonist (source: Drug Bank) |
| terbutaline |
|
Increased arterial pressure (source: Drug Bank) |
| tetrabenazine |
|
CNS stimulation, hypertensive upsurge with this combination (source: Drug Bank) |
| tolbutamide |
|
The MAO inhibitor increases the effect of hypoglycemic agent (source: Drug Bank) |
| tolcapone |
|
Possible hypertensive crisis with this combination (source: Drug Bank) |
| tramadol |
|
Increased risk of seizures and serotonin syndrome (source: Drug Bank) |
| trimipramine |
|
Possibility of severe adverse effects (source: Drug Bank) |
| venlafaxine |
|
Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination (source: Drug Bank) |
| zolmitriptan |
|
MAO inhibitor increases the effects and toxicity of 5-HT agonist (source: Drug Bank) |
Non-Curated Information
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other diseases is available.
Additional Datasets
These datasets are minimally curated and are sorted alphabetically by title.
LinkOuts
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Non-Curated Publications
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug is available.