Drug/Small Molecule:
glycine

2D structure

Overview

Generic Names: 2-Aminoacetic acid; Aminoacetic acid; Aminoethanoic acid; Gly
Trade Names: Aciport; Glicoamin; Glycocoll; Glycolixir; Glycosthene; Gyn-Hydralin; Padil
PharmGKB Accession Id: PA449789

Description

A non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a nutrient. It is also a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter. PubChem (source: Drug Bank)

Indication

Supplemental glycine may have antispastic activity. Very early findings suggest it may also have antipsychotic activity as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. (source: Drug Bank)

ATC Therapeutic Categories

  • B03AA:Iron bivalent, oral preparations
  • B05CX:Other irrigating solutions

Pharmacology, Interactions, and Contraindications

Mechanism Of Action

In the CNS, there exist strychnine-sensitive glycine binding sites as well as strychnine-insensitive glycine binding sites. The strychnine-insensitive glycine-binding site is located on the NMDA receptor complex. The strychnine-sensitive glycine receptor complex is comprised of a chloride channel and is a member of the ligand-gated ion channel superfamily. The putative antispastic activity of supplemental glycine could be mediated by glycine's binding to strychnine-sensitive binding sites in the spinal cord. This would result in increased chloride conductance and consequent enhancement of inhibitory neurotransmission. The ability of glycine to potentiate NMDA receptor-mediated neurotransmission raised the possibility of its use in the management of neuroleptic-resistant negative symptoms in schizophrenia. <br/>Animal studies indicate that supplemental glycine protects against endotoxin-induced lethality, hypoxia-reperfusion injury after liver transplantation, and D-galactosamine-mediated liver injury. Neutrophils are thought to participate in these pathologic processes via invasion of tissue and releasing such reactive oxygen species as superoxide. In vitro studies have shown that neutrophils contain a glycine-gated chloride channel that can attenuate increases in intracellular calcium and diminsh neutrophil oxidant production. This research is ealy-stage, but suggests that supplementary glycine may turn out to be useful in processes where neutrophil infiltration contributes to toxicity, such as ARDS. (source: Drug Bank)

Pharmacology

Helps trigger the release of oxygen to the energy requiring cell-making process; Important in the manufacturing of hormones responsible for a strong immune system. (source: Drug Bank)

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination & Toxicity

Biotransformation

Hepatic (source: Drug Bank)

Absorption

Absorbed from the small intestine via an active transport mechanism. (source: Drug Bank)

Toxicity

ORL-RAT LD<sub>50</sub> 7930 mg/kg, SCU-RAT LD<sub>50</sub> 5200 mg/kg, IVN-RAT LD<sub>50</sub> 2600 mg/kg, ORL-MUS LD<sub>50</sub> 4920 mg/kg; Doses of 1 gram daily are very well tolerated. Mild gastrointestinal symptoms are infrequently noted. In one study doses of 90 grams daily were also well tole. (source: Drug Bank)

Isomeric SMILES Code:

C(C(=O)O)N (source: Drug Bank)

A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other genes is available.

Drug Targets

Gene Description
GPR18 Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)
AGXT Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)
AGXT2 Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)
ALAS1 Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)
ALAS2 Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)
BAAT Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)
GRIN2A Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)
GRIN2C Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)
GRIN3B Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)
GSS Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)
GCAT Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)
GNMT Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)
GATM Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)
GCSH Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)
GLDC Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)
GLRA1 Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)
GLRA2 Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)
GLRA3 Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)
GLRB Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)
GLYAT Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)
GLYATL1 Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)
GLYATL2 Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)
GARS Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)
PIPOX Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)
SHMT1 Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)
SHMT2 Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)
SLC32A1 Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)
SLC36A1 Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)
SLC6A5 Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)
SLC6A9 Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)

A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other drugs is available.

Non-Curated Information

A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other diseases is available.

LinkOuts

Web Resource:
Wikipedia
DrugBank:
DB00145
ChEBI ID:
15428
KEGG Compound ID:
C00037
KEGG Drug ID:
D00011
PubChem Compound ID:
750
PubChem Substance ID:
3339
IUPHAR Ligand ID:
727

Common Searches

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Non-Curated Publications

A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug is available.

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