- Overview
- Properties
- Genetics
- Related Genes
- Pathways
- Related Drugs
- Related Diseases
- Datasets
- Downloads/LinkOuts
Overview
| Generic Names: | Enalapril Maleate; Enalaprila [INN-Spanish]; Enalaprilat; Enalaprilum [INN-Latin] |
|---|---|
| Trade Names: | Bonuten; Enalapril Bp; Enalapril Richet; Gadopril; Kinfil; Vaseretic; Vasotec |
| Brand Mixtures: | Vaseretic (Enalapril Maleate + Hydrochlorothiazide) |
| PharmGKB Accession Id: | PA449456 |
Description
One of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors that is used to treat hypertension. PubChem (source: Drug Bank)
Indication
For the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. It may be used alone or in combination with thiazide diuretics. (source: Drug Bank)
ATC Therapeutic Category
- C09AA:ACE inhibitors, plain
Pharmacology, Interactions, and Contraindications
Mechanism Of Action
Enalaprilat, the active metabolite of enalapril, competes with angiotensin I for binding at the angiotensin-converting enzyme, blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Inhibition of ACE results in decreased plasma angiotensin II. As angiotensin II is a vasoconstrictor and a negative-feedback mediator for renin activity, lower concentrations result in a decrease in blood pressure and stimulation of baroreceptor reflex mechanisms, which leads to decreased vasopressor activity and to decreased aldosterone secretion. Enalaprilat may also act on kininase II, an enzyme identical to ACE that degrades the vasodilator bradykinin. (source: Drug Bank)
Pharmacology
Enalapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, is a prodrug which, when hydrolyzed by estarases to its active Enalaprilat, is used to treat hypertension and heart failure, to reduce proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and to prevent stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Enalapril and enalaprilat inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in human subjects and animals. ACE is a peptidyl dipeptidase that catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to the vasoconstrictor substance, angiotensin II. Angiotensin II also stimulates aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex. (source: Drug Bank)
Food Interactions
Take without regard to meals. (source: Drug Bank)
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination & Toxicity
Biotransformation
Hepatic (source: Drug Bank)
Protein Binding
20.1 to 89.1% (source: Drug Bank)
Absorption
60% (source: Drug Bank)
Toxicity
Hypotension (source: Drug Bank)
Isomeric SMILES Code:
CCOC(=O)[C@H](CCc1ccccc1)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=O)O (source: Drug Bank)
Curated Annotations (
)
-
rs5182
at chr3:149942085
in
AGTR1
The C allele carriers tend to have reduced risk of myocardial infarction in patients taking ACE inhibitors.- Variant Name:
- AGTR1: 573C/T; 573C>T
- Related Drugs:
- Ace Inhibitors, Plain, captopril, enalapril, fosinopril, imidapril, lisinopril
- Related Diseases:
- Hypertension, Myocardial Infarction, Stroke
- Evidence:
-
PMID:18347611
The following genes are in curated knowledge about this drug.
| Gene | Relationship | Evidence | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
ACE |
|
Publications |
|
|
ADRB2 |
|
Publications |
|
AGTR1 |
|
Publications, Variants |
|
|
KNG1 |
|
Publications |
|
|
NOS3 |
|
Publications |
|
|
SLCO1B1 |
|
Publications |
|
|
SLCO1B3 |
|
Publications |
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other genes is available.
Drug Targets
| Gene | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| ACE |
|
(source: Drug Bank) |
PharmGKB Curated Pathways
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other drugs is available.
Drug Interactions
| Drug | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| amiloride |
|
Increased risk of hyperkaliemia (source: Drug Bank) |
| lithium |
|
The ACE inhibitor increases serum levels of lithium (source: Drug Bank) |
| potassium |
|
Increased risk of hyperkaliemia (source: Drug Bank) |
| rifampin |
|
Rifampin reduces the efefct of enalapril (source: Drug Bank) |
| spironolactone |
|
Increased risk of hyperkaliemia (source: Drug Bank) |
| tizanidine |
|
Tizanidine increases the risk of hypotension with the ACE inhibitor (source: Drug Bank) |
| triamterene |
|
Increased risk of hyperkaliemia (source: Drug Bank) |
Curated Information
The following diseases are in curated knowledge about this drug.
| Disease | Relationship | Evidence | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Angioedema |
|
Publications |
|
|
Arteriosclerosis |
|
Publications |
|
|
Cardiomyopathies |
|
Publications |
|
|
Cough |
|
Publications |
|
|
Diabetes Mellitus |
|
Publications |
|
|
glomerular disease |
|
Publications |
|
|
Glomerulonephritis |
|
Publications |
|
|
Glomerulosclerosis |
|
Publications |
|
|
Hypertension |
|
Publications, Variants |
|
|
Myocardial Infarction |
|
Publications, Variants |
|
|
Stroke |
|
Publications, Variants |
Non-Curated Information
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other diseases is available.
Additional Datasets
These datasets are minimally curated and are sorted alphabetically by title.
LinkOuts
Common Searches
Search PubMed
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Non-Curated Publications
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug is available.