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Overview
| Generic Names: | Disulfuram; Disulphuram; Dupon 4472; Dupont Fungicide 4472; TATD; TETD; TTD; Tetraethylthioperoxydicarbonic Diamide; Tetraethylthiram Disulfide; Tetraethylthiram Disulphide; Tetraethylthiuram; Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide; Tetraethylthiuram Disulphide; Tetraethylthiuram Sulfide; Tetraethylthiuran Disulfide; Usaf B-33 |
|---|---|
| Trade Names: | Abstensil; Abstinil; Abstinyl; Accel Tet; Accel Tet-R; Akrochem Tetd; Alcophobin; Alk-Aubs; Ancazide Et; Antabus; Antabuse; Antadix; Antaenyl; Antaethan; Antaethyl; Antaetil; Antalcol; Antetan; Antethyl; Antetil; Anteyl; Anthethyl; Anti-Ethyl; Antiaethan; Anticol; Antietanol; Antietil; Antikol; Antivitium; Aversan; Averzan; Bonibal; Contralin; Contrapot; Cronetal; Dicupral; Disetil; Disulfan; Disulfram; Ekagom Dtet; Ekagom Teds; Ekagom Tetds; Ekaland Tetd; Ephorran; Espenal; Esperal; Etabus; Ethyl Thiram; Ethyl Thiudad; Ethyl Thiurad; Ethyl Tuads; Ethyl Tuads Rodform; Ethyl Tuex; Ethyldithiourame; Ethyldithiurame; Etyl Tuex; Exhoran; Exhorran; Gababentin; Hoca; Krotenal; Nocbin; Nocceler Tet; Nocceler Tet-G; Noxal; Perkacit Tetd; Perkait Tetd; Refusal; Ro-Sulfiram; Sanceler Tet; Sanceler Tet-G; Soxinol Tet; Stopaethyl; Stopethyl; Stopety; Stopetyl; Super Rodiatox; TTS; TTS X; Tenurid; Tenutex; Tetidis; Tetradin; Tetradine; Tetraetil; Teturam; Teturamin; Thiocid; Thiophos; Thioscabin; Thireranide; Tillram; Tiuram |
| PharmGKB Accession Id: | PA449376 |
Description
A carbamate derivative used as an alcohol deterrent. It is a relatively nontoxic substance when administered alone, but markedly alters the intermediary metabolism of alcohol. When alcohol is ingested after administration of disulfiram, blood acetaldehyde concentrations are increased, followed by flushing, systemic vasodilation, respiratory difficulties, nausea, hypotension, and other symptoms (acetaldehyde syndrome). It acts by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase. PubChem (source: Drug Bank)
Indication
For the treatment and management of chronic alcoholism (source: Drug Bank)
ATC Therapeutic Categories
- N07BB:Drugs used in alcohol dependence
- P03AA:Sulfur containing products
Pharmacology, Interactions, and Contraindications
Mechanism Of Action
Disulfiram blocks the oxidation of alcohol at the acetaldehyde stage during alcohol metabolism following disulfiram intake causing an accumulation of acetaldehyde in the blood producing highly unpleasant symptoms. Disulfiram blocks the oxidation of alcohol through its irreversible inactivation of aldehyde dehydrogenase, which acts in the second step of ethanol utilization. In addition, disulfiram competitively binds and inhibits the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor, which may indicate some value in the treatment of the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal, however this activity has not been extensively studied. (source: Drug Bank)
Pharmacology
Disulfiram produces a sensitivity to alcohol which results in a highly unpleasant reaction when the patient under treatment ingests even small amounts of alcohol. Disulfiram blocks the oxidation of alcohol at the acetaldehyde stage during alcohol metabolism following disulfiram intake, the concentration of acetaldehyde occurring in the blood may be 5 to 10 times higher than that found during metabolism of the same amount of alcohol alone. Accumulation of acetaldehyde in the blood produces a complex of highly unpleasant symptoms referred to hereinafter as the disulfiram-alcohol reaction. This reaction, which is proportional to the dosage of both disulfiram and alcohol, will persist as long as alcohol is being metabolized. Disulfiram does not appear to influence the rate of alcohol elimination from the body. Prolonged administration of disulfiram does not produce tolerance; the longer a patient remains on therapy, the more exquisitely sensitive he becomes to alcohol. (source: Drug Bank)
Food Interactions
Avoid alcohol for up to 14 days after treatment has been stopped.
Take without regard to meals.
(source:
Drug Bank)
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination & Toxicity
Biotransformation
Hepatic. (source: Drug Bank)
Absorption
Disulfiram is absorbed slowly from the gastrointestinal tract (80 to 90% of oral dose). (source: Drug Bank)
Toxicity
LD<sub>50</sub>=8.6g/kg (orally in rats). Symptoms of overdose include irritation, slight drowsiness, unpleasant taste, mild GI disturbances, and orthostatic hypotension. (source: Drug Bank)
Isomeric SMILES Code:
CCN(CC)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(CC)CC (source: Drug Bank)
The following genes are in curated knowledge about this drug.
| Gene | Relationship | Evidence | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
ABCB1 |
|
Publications |
|
DBH |
|
Publications |
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other genes is available.
Drug Targets
| Gene | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| ALDH2 |
|
(source: Drug Bank) |
| TSPO |
|
(source: Drug Bank) |
PharmGKB Curated Pathways
The following drugs are in curated knowledge about this drug.
| Drug | Relationship | Evidence | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
warfarin |
|
Publications |
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other drugs is available.
Drug Interactions
| Drug | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| acenocoumarol |
|
Disulfiram increases the anticoagulant effect (source: Drug Bank) |
| amprenavir |
|
Increased risk of side effects (oral solution) (source: Drug Bank) |
| chlorzoxazone |
|
Increases chlorzoxazone levels (source: Drug Bank) |
| cocaine |
|
Increases the cardiac toxicity of cocaine (source: Drug Bank) |
| dicumarol |
|
Increases the anticoagulant effect (source: Drug Bank) |
| isoniazid |
|
Increased risk of CNS adverse efects (source: Drug Bank) |
| mephenytoin |
|
Increases the effect of phenytoin (source: Drug Bank) |
| metronidazole |
|
Possible acute psychosis and confusion (source: Drug Bank) |
| phenytoin |
|
Increases the effect of phenytoin (source: Drug Bank) |
| theophylline |
|
Increases the effect and toxicity of theophylline (source: Drug Bank) |
| warfarin |
|
Increases the anticoagulant effect (source: Drug Bank) |
Curated Information
The following diseases are in curated knowledge about this drug.
| Disease | Relationship | Evidence | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Alcoholism |
|
Publications |
|
|
Cocaine-Related Disorders |
|
Publications |
|
|
Hypotension |
|
Publications |
Non-Curated Information
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other diseases is available.
Additional Datasets
These datasets are minimally curated and are sorted alphabetically by title.
LinkOuts
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Non-Curated Publications
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug is available.