Overview
| Generic Names: | Ciprofloxacin HCl; Ciprofloxacin dihydrochloride; Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride; Ciprofloxacin monohydrochloride; Ciprofloxacina; ciprofloxacin |
|---|---|
| Trade Names: | Bacquinor; Baycip; Bernoflox; Ciflox; Cifloxin; Ciloxan; Ciprinol; Cipro; Cipro I.V.; Cipro XL; Cipro XR; Ciprobay; Ciprocinol; Ciprodar; Cipromycin; Ciproquinol; Ciproxan; Ciproxin; Flociprin; Floxin; Ocuflox; Proquin XR; Septicide; Velomonit |
| Brand Mixtures: | Cipro HC Otic Suspension (Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride + Hydrocortisone); Ciprodex (Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride + Dexamethasone) |
| PharmGKB Accession Id: | PA449009 |
Description
A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline. PubChem (source: Drug Bank)
Indication
For the treatment of the following infections caused by susceptible organisms: urinary tract infections, acute uncomplicated cystitis, chronic bacterial prostatitis, lower respiratory tract infections, acute sinusitis, skin and skin structure infections, bone and joint infections, complicated intra-abdominal infections (used in combination with metronidazole), infectious diarrhea, typhoid fever (enteric fever), uncomplicated cervical and urethral gonorrhea, and inhalational anthrax (post-exposure). (source: Drug Bank)
ATC Therapeutic Categories
- J01MA:Fluoroquinolones
- S01AX:Other antiinfectives
- S02AA:Antiinfectives
- S03AA:Antiinfectives
Pharmacology, Interactions, and Contraindications
Mechanism Of Action
The bactericidal action of ciprofloxacin results from inhibition of the enzymes topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV, which are required for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. (source: Drug Bank)
Pharmacology
Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antiinfective agent of the fluoroquinolone class. Ciprofloxacin has <i>in vitro</i> activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms. The mechanism of action of quinolones, including ciprofloxacin, is different from that of other antimicrobial agents such as beta-lactams, macrolides, tetracyclines, or aminoglycosides; therefore, organisms resistant to these drugs may be susceptible to ciprofloxacin. There is no known cross-resistance between ciprofloxacin and other classes of antimicrobials. Notably the drug has 100 times higher affinity for bacterial DNA gyrase than for mammalian. (source: Drug Bank)
Food Interactions
Avoid excessive quantities of coffee or tea (Caffeine).
Avoid milk, calcium containing dairy products, iron, magnesium, zinc, antacids, or aluminum salts 2 hours before or 6 hours after using antacids while on this medication.
Take with a full glass of water.
Take without regard to meals.
(source:
Drug Bank)
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination & Toxicity
Biotransformation
Hepatic. Four metabolites have been identified in human urine which together account for approximately 15% of an oral dose. The metabolites have antimicrobial activity, but are less active than unchanged ciprofloxacin. (source: Drug Bank)
Protein Binding
20 to 40% (source: Drug Bank)
Absorption
Rapidly and well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration. The absolute bioavailability is approximately 70% with no substantial loss by first pass metabolism. (source: Drug Bank)
Toxicity
The major adverse effect seen with use of is gastrointestinal irritation, common with many antibiotics. (source: Drug Bank)
Isomeric SMILES Code:
C1CC1N2C=C(C(=O)C3=CC(=C(C=C32)N4CCNCC4)F)C(=O)O (source: Drug Bank)
The following genes are in curated knowledge about this drug.
| Gene | Relationship | Evidence | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
CYP3A4 |
|
Publications |
|
|
SLCO1A2 |
|
Publications |
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other genes is available.
Drug Targets
| Gene | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| ALB |
|
(source: Drug Bank) |
| TOP2A |
|
(source: Drug Bank) |
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other drugs is available.
Drug Interactions
| Drug | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| acenocoumarol |
|
The quinolone increases the anticoagulant effect (source: Drug Bank) |
| caffeine |
|
The quinolone increases the effect and toxicity of caffeine (source: Drug Bank) |
| calcium |
|
Formation of non-absorbable complexes (source: Drug Bank) |
| clozapine |
|
Ciprofloxacin may increase clozapine serum levels (source: Drug Bank) |
| cyclosporine |
|
The quinolone increases the effect and toxicity of cyclosporine (source: Drug Bank) |
| dicumarol |
|
The quinolone increases the anticoagulant effect (source: Drug Bank) |
| duloxetine |
|
Increases the effect/toxicity of duloxetine (source: Drug Bank) |
| foscarnet |
|
Increased risk of convulsions (source: Drug Bank) |
| iron |
|
Formation of non-absorbable complexes (source: Drug Bank) |
| magnesium |
|
Formation of non-absorbable complexes (source: Drug Bank) |
| magnesium oxide |
|
Formation of non-absorbable complexes (source: Drug Bank) |
| mephenytoin |
|
Decreases the hydantoin effect (source: Drug Bank) |
| methotrexate |
|
Increases methotrexate toxicity (source: Drug Bank) |
| phenytoin |
|
Decreases the hydantoin effect (source: Drug Bank) |
| procainamide |
|
The quinolone increases the effect of procainamide (source: Drug Bank) |
| sildenafil |
|
The quinolone increases sildenafil levels (source: Drug Bank) |
| sucralfate |
|
Formation of non-absorbable complexes (source: Drug Bank) |
| theophylline |
|
The quinolone increases the effect of theophylline (source: Drug Bank) |
| tizanidine |
|
Increases the effect/toxicity of tizanidine (source: Drug Bank) |
| warfarin |
|
The quinolone increases the anticoagulant effect (source: Drug Bank) |
| zinc |
|
Formation of non-absorbable complexes (source: Drug Bank) |
Non-Curated Information
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other diseases is available.
Additional Datasets
These datasets are minimally curated and are sorted alphabetically by title.
LinkOuts
Common Searches
Search PubMed
Search Medline Plus
Search PubChem
Search CTD
Non-Curated Publications
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug is available.
