Overview
| Generic Names: | Atropin [German]; Atropina [Italian]; Atropine Sulfate; DL-Hyoscyamine; DL-Tropyl tropate |
|---|---|
| IUPAC Name: | [(1R,5S)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate |
| Trade Names: | Atnaa; Atropair; Atropen; Atropin; Atropin-flexiolen; Atropine Care; Atropine Sulfate Ansyr Plastic Syringe; Atropine Sulfate S.O.P.; Atropinol; Atropisol; Atrosulf; Equipin; Eyesules; Homapin-10; Homapin-5; I-Tropine; Isopto Atropine; Isopto-atropine; Minims Atropine; Ocu-Tropine; Tropine tropate; Troyl tropate |
| Brand Mixtures: | Diban Cap (Atropine Sulfate + Attapulgite (Activated) + Hyoscyamine Sulfate + Opium + Pectin + Scopolamine Hydrobromide); Donnagel Liq (Atropine Sulfate + Hyoscyamine Sulfate + Kaolin + Pectin + Scopolamine Hydrobromide); Donnatal Elixir (Atropine Sulfate + Hyoscyamine Sulfate + Phenobarbital + Scopolamine Hydrobromide); Donnatal Extentabs (Atropine Sulfate + Hyoscyamine Sulfate + Phenobarbital + Scopolamine Hydrobromide); Donnatal Extentabs Srt (Atropine Sulfate + Hyoscyamine Sulfate + Phenobarbital + Scopolamine Hydrobromide); Donnatal Tab (Atropine Sulfate + Hyoscyamine Sulfate + Phenobarbital + Scopolamine Hydrobromide); Spascupreel Injeel Liq (Aconite + Atropine Sulfate + Chamomile + Citrullus Colocynthis + Copper Sulfate + Gelsemium Sempervirens + Magnesium Phosphate Dibasic + Mushroom + Passion Flower); Spascupreel Tablets (Aconitum + Agaricus + Atropine Sulfate + Chamomile + Citrullus Colocynthis + Copper Sulfate + Gelsemium Sempervirens + Magnesium Phosphate Dibasic + Passion Flower) |
| PharmGKB Accession Id: | PA448505 |
Description
An alkaloid, originally from Atropa belladonna, but found in other plants, mainly solanaceae. [PubChem]
Indication
For the treatment of poisoning by susceptible organophosphorous nerve agents having cholinesterase activity as well as organophosphorous or carbamate insecticides.
ATC Therapeutic Categories
- A03BA:Belladonna alkaloids, tertiary amines
- A03BB:Belladonna alkaloids, semisynthetic, quaternary ammonium compounds
- N04AC:Ethers of tropine or tropine derivatives
- S01FA:Anticholinergics
Pharmacology and Interactions
Mechanism Of Action
Generally, atropine lowers the "rest and digest" activity of all muscles and glands regulated by the parasympathetic nervous system. This occurs because atropine is a competitive inhibitor of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter used by the parasympathetic nervous system).
Pharmacology
Atropine, a naturally occurring belladonna alkaloid, is a racemic mixture of equal parts of d- and l-hyoscyamine, whose activity is due almost entirely to the levo isomer of the drug. Atropine is commonly classified as an anticholinergic or antiparasympathetic (parasympatholytic) drug. More precisely, however, it is termed an antimuscarinic agent since it antagonizes the muscarine-like actions of acetylcholine and other choline esters. Adequate doses of atropine abolish various types of reflex vagal cardiac slowing or asystole. The drug also prevents or abolishes bradycardia or asystole produced by injection of choline esters, anticholinesterase agents or other parasympathomimetic drugs, and cardiac arrest produced by stimulation of the vagus. Atropine may also lessen the degree of partial heart block when vagal activity is an etiologic factor. Atropine in clinical doses counteracts the peripheral dilatation and abrupt decrease in blood pressure produced by choline esters. However, when given by itself, atropine does not exert a striking or uniform effect on blood vessels or blood pressure.
Food Interactions
Avoid alcohol. Take with food.
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination & Toxicity
Biotransformation
Much of the drug is destroyed by enzymatic hydrolysis, particularly in the liver. From 13 to 50% is excreted unchanged in the urine.
Protein Binding
The protein binding of atropine is 14 to 22% in plasma.
Absorption
Atropine is rapidly and well absorbed after intramuscular administration. Atropine disappears rapidly from the blood and is distributed throughout the various body tissues and fluids.
Half Life
3.0 ± 0.9 hours in adults. The half-life of atropine is slightly shorter (approximately 20 minutes) in females than males.
Toxicity
Oral, mouse: LD50 = 75 mg/kg. Symptoms of overdose includes widespread paralysis of parasympathetically innervated organs. Dry mucous membranes, widely dilated and nonresponsive pupils, tachycardia, fever and cutaneous flush are especially prominent, as are mental and neurological symptoms. In instances of severe intoxication, respiratory depression, coma, circulatory collapse and death may occur.
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula:
C17H23NO3
SMILES Code:
CN1C2CCC1CC(C2)OC(=O)C(CO)c3ccccc3
(Format: OpenEye Isomeric)
Molecular Weight ( average / monoisotopic )
289.3694 / 289.1678
Curated Information
The following genes are in curated knowledge about this drug.
| Gene | Relationship | Evidence | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
ADRB1 |
|
Publications |
Non-Curated Information
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other genes is available.
Metabolizing Enzymes
Drug Targets
Non-Curated Information
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other drugs is available.
Non-Curated Information
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other diseases is available.
Additional Datasets
These datasets are minimally curated and are sorted alphabetically by title.
LinkOuts
Common Searches
Search PubMed
Search Medline Plus
Search PubChem
Search CTD
Non-Curated Publications
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug is available.