Drug/Small Molecule:
atropine

2D structure

Overview

Generic Names: Atropin [German]; Atropina [Italian]; Atropine Sulfate; DL-Hyoscyamine; DL-Tropyl tropate
Trade Names: Atnaa; Atropair; Atropen; Atropin; Atropin-flexiolen; Atropine Care; Atropine Sulfate Ansyr Plastic Syringe; Atropine Sulfate S.O.P.; Atropinol; Atropisol; Atrosulf; Equipin; Eyesules; Homapin-10; Homapin-5; I-Tropine; Isopto Atropine; Isopto-atropine; Minims Atropine; Ocu-Tropine; Tropine tropate; Troyl tropate
Brand Mixtures: Diban Cap (Atropine Sulfate + Attapulgite (Activated) + Hyoscyamine Sulfate + Opium + Pectin + Scopolamine Hydrobromide); Donnagel Liq (Atropine Sulfate + Hyoscyamine Sulfate + Kaolin + Pectin + Scopolamine Hydrobromide); Donnatal Elixir (Atropine Sulfate + Hyoscyamine Sulfate + Phenobarbital + Scopolamine Hydrobromide); Donnatal Extentabs (Atropine Sulfate + Hyoscyamine Sulfate + Phenobarbital + Scopolamine Hydrobromide); Donnatal Extentabs Srt (Atropine Sulfate + Hyoscyamine Sulfate + Phenobarbital + Scopolamine Hydrobromide); Donnatal Tab (Atropine Sulfate + Hyoscyamine Sulfate + Phenobarbital + Scopolamine Hydrobromide); Spascupreel Injeel Liq (Aconite + Atropine Sulfate + Chamomile + Citrullus Colocynthis + Copper Sulfate + Gelsemium Sempervirens + Magnesium Phosphate Dibasic + Mushroom + Passion Flower); Spascupreel Tablets (Aconitum + Agaricus + Atropine Sulfate + Chamomile + Citrullus Colocynthis + Copper Sulfate + Gelsemium Sempervirens + Magnesium Phosphate Dibasic + Passion Flower)
PharmGKB Accession Id: PA448505

Description

An alkaloid, originally from Atropa belladonna, but found in other plants, mainly solanaceae. PubChem (source: Drug Bank)

Indication

For the treatment of poisoning by susceptible organophosphorous nerve agents having cholinesterase activity as well as organophosphorous or carbamate insecticides. (source: Drug Bank)

ATC Therapeutic Categories

  • A03BA:Belladonna alkaloids, tertiary amines
  • A03BB:Belladonna alkaloids, semisynthetic, quaternary ammonium compounds
  • N04AC:Ethers of tropine or tropine derivatives
  • S01FA:Anticholinergics

Pharmacology, Interactions, and Contraindications

Mechanism Of Action

Generally, atropine lowers the "rest and digest" activity of all muscles and glands regulated by the parasympathetic nervous system. This occurs because atropine is a competitive inhibitor of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter used by the parasympathetic nervous system). (source: Drug Bank)

Pharmacology

Atropine, a naturally occurring belladonna alkaloid, is a racemic mixture of equal parts of d- and l-hyoscyamine, whose activity is due almost entirely to the levo isomer of the drug. Atropine is commonly classified as an anticholinergic or antiparasympathetic (parasympatholytic) drug. More precisely, however, it is termed an antimuscarinic agent since it antagonizes the muscarine-like actions of acetylcholine and other choline esters. Adequate doses of atropine abolish various types of reflex vagal cardiac slowing or asystole. The drug also prevents or abolishes bradycardia or asystole produced by injection of choline esters, anticholinesterase agents or other parasympathomimetic drugs, and cardiac arrest produced by stimulation of the vagus. Atropine may also lessen the degree of partial heart block when vagal activity is an etiologic factor. Atropine in clinical doses counteracts the peripheral dilatation and abrupt decrease in blood pressure produced by choline esters. However, when given by itself, atropine does not exert a striking or uniform effect on blood vessels or blood pressure. (source: Drug Bank)

Food Interactions

Avoid alcohol.
Take with food. (source: Drug Bank)

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination & Toxicity

Biotransformation

Much of the drug is destroyed by enzymatic hydrolysis, particularly in the liver. From 13 to 50% is excreted unchanged in the urine. (source: Drug Bank)

Protein Binding

The protein binding of atropine is 14 to 22% in plasma. (source: Drug Bank)

Absorption

Atropine is rapidly and well absorbed after intramuscular administration. Atropine disappears rapidly from the blood and is distributed throughout the various body tissues and fluids. (source: Drug Bank)

Toxicity

Oral, mouse: LD<sub>50</sub> = 75 mg/kg. Symptoms of overdose includes widespread paralysis of parasympathetically innervated organs. Dry mucous membranes, widely dilated and nonresponsive pupils, tachycardia, fever and cutaneous flush are especially prominent, as are mental and neurological symptoms. In instances of severe intoxication, respiratory depression, coma, circulatory collapse and death may occur. (source: Drug Bank)

Isomeric SMILES Code:

CN1C2CCC1CC(C2)OC(=O)C(CO)c3ccccc3 (source: Drug Bank)

The following genes are in curated knowledge about this drug.

  Gene Relationship Evidence
Phenotype data available Genotype Data Available Literature annotations available Has annotations
ADRB1
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  • GN
Publications

A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other genes is available.

Drug Targets

Gene Description
ACHE Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)
CHRM1 Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)
CHRM2 Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)
CHRM3 Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)
CHRM4 Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)
CHRM5 Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)

A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other drugs is available.

Non-Curated Information

A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other diseases is available.

LinkOuts

Web Resource:
Wikipedia
DrugBank:
DB00572
ChEBI ID:
16684
KEGG Compound ID:
C01479
KEGG Drug ID:
D00113
PubChem Compound ID:
174174
PubChem Substance ID:
4651
IUPHAR Ligand ID:
320

Common Searches

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Non-Curated Publications

A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug is available.

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