Overview
| Generic Names: | Allopurinol Sodium; Allopurinolum [INN-Latin]; Alopurinol [INN-Spanish] |
|---|---|
| Trade Names: | 7HP; Adenock; Ailural; Allo-Puren; Allohexal; Allopur; Allozym; Allural; Aloprim; Aloral; Alositol; Aluline; Anoprolin; Anzief; Apo-Allopurinol; Apulonga; Apurin; Apurol; Atisuril; Bleminol; Bloxanth; Caplenal; Cellidrin; Cosuric; Dabrosin; Dabroson; Dura Al; Embarin; Epidropal; Epuric; Foligan; Geapur; Gichtex; Gotax; HPP; Hamarin; Hexanuret; Ketanrift; Ketobun-A; Ledopur; Lopurin; Lysuron; Milurit; Miniplanor; Monarch; Nektrohan; Progout; Purinol; Remid; Riball; Sigapurol; Suspendol; Takanarumin; Urbol; Uricemil; Uriprim; Uripurinol; Uritas; Urobenyl; Urolit; Urosin; Urtias; Urtias 100; Xanturat; Zyloprim; Zyloric |
| PharmGKB Accession Id: | PA448320 |
Description
A xanthine oxidase inhibitor that decreases uric acid production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms. PubChem (source: Drug Bank)
Indication
For the treatment of hyperuricemia associated with primary or secondary gout. (source: Drug Bank)
ATC Therapeutic Category
- M04AA:Preparations inhibiting uric acid production
Pharmacology, Interactions, and Contraindications
Mechanism Of Action
Allopurinol inhibits the enzyme xanthine oxidase, blocking the conversion of the oxypurines hypoxanthine and xanthine to uric acid. Elevated concentrations of oxypurine and oxypurine inhibition of xanthine oxidase through negative feedback results in a decrease in the concentrations of uric acid in the blood and urine. Allopurinol also facilitates the incorporation of hypoxanthine and xanthine into DNA and RNA, resulting in further reductions of serum uric acid concentrations. (source: Drug Bank)
Pharmacology
Allopurinol, a structural analog of the natural purine base hypoxanthine, is used to prevent gout and renal calculi due to either uric acid or calcium oxalate and to treat uric acid nephropathy, hyperuricemia, and some solid tumors. (source: Drug Bank)
Food Interactions
Avoid alcohol.
Take with a full glass of water.
Take with food.
(source:
Drug Bank)
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination & Toxicity
Biotransformation
Hepatic (source: Drug Bank)
Protein Binding
Negligible (source: Drug Bank)
Absorption
Approximately 90% absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. (source: Drug Bank)
Toxicity
LD<sub>50</sub>=214 mg/kg (in mice) (source: Drug Bank)
Isomeric SMILES Code:
c1c2c([nH]n1)ncnc2O (source: Drug Bank)
The following genes are in curated knowledge about this drug.
| Gene | Relationship | Evidence | |
|---|---|---|---|
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AOX1 |
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Publications |
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HLA-B |
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Publications |
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XDH |
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Publications |
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other genes is available.
Drug Targets
| Gene | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| XDH |
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(source: Drug Bank) |
The following drugs are in curated knowledge about this drug.
| Drug | Relationship | Evidence | |
|---|---|---|---|
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methotrexate |
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Publications |
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warfarin |
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Publications |
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other drugs is available.
Drug Interactions
| Drug | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| acenocoumarol |
|
Increases the anticoagulant effect (source: Drug Bank) |
| azathioprine |
|
Allopurinol increases the effect of thiopurine (source: Drug Bank) |
| cyclosporine |
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Allopurinol increases the effect and toxicity of cyclosporine (source: Drug Bank) |
| dicumarol |
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Allopurinol increases the anticoagulant effect (source: Drug Bank) |
| mercaptopurine |
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Allopurinol increases the effect of thiopurine (source: Drug Bank) |
| warfarin |
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Allopurinol increases the anticoagulant effect (source: Drug Bank) |
Curated Information
The following diseases are in curated knowledge about this drug.
| Disease | Relationship | Evidence | |
|---|---|---|---|
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Drug Hypersensitivity |
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Drug Toxicity |
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Publications |
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Epidermal Necrolysis, Toxic |
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Publications |
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Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma |
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Publications |
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Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma |
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Publications |
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Stevens-Johnson Syndrome |
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Publications |
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xanthinuria |
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Publications |
Non-Curated Information
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other diseases is available.
Additional Datasets
These datasets are minimally curated and are sorted alphabetically by title.
LinkOuts
Common Searches
Search PubMed
Search Medline Plus
Search PubChem
Search CTD
Non-Curated Publications
A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug is available.