PharmGKB: The Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base

Drug/Small Molecule:
quinidine

2D structure

Overview

Generic Names: Quinidine Gluconate; Quinidine Sulfate
IUPAC Name: (S)-[(4S,5R,7R)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-7-yl]-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)methanol
Trade Names: Apo-Quinidine; Biquin Durules; Cardioquin; Chinidin; Cin-Quin; Coccinine; Conchinin; Conchinine; Conquinine; Duraquin; Kinidin; Novoquinidin; Pitayin; Pitayine; Quin-Release; Quinact; Quinaglute; Quinaglute Dura-Tabs; Quinalan; Quinate; Quinatime; Quindine; Quinicardine; Quinidex; Quinidex Extentabs; Quinora
PharmGKB Accession Id: PA451209

Description

An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the Cinchona tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular action potential, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission. [PubChem]

Indication

For the treatment of ventricular pre-excitation and cardiac dysrhythmias

ATC Therapeutic Category

  • C01BA:Antiarrhythmics, class Ia

Pharmacology and Interactions

Mechanism Of Action

Quinidine acts on sodium channels on the neuronal cell membrane, limiting the spread of seizure activity and reducing seizure propagation. The antiarrhythmic actions are mediated through effects on sodium channels in Purkinje fibers.

Pharmacology

Quinidine, a hydantoin anticonvulsant, is used alone or with phenobarbital or other anticonvulsants to manage tonic-clonic seizures, psychomotor seizures, neuropathic pain syndromes including diabetic neuropathy, digitalis-induced cardiac arrhythmias, and cardiac arrhythmias associated with QT-interval prolongation.

Food Interactions

Preferably take on an ampty stomach.

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination & Toxicity

Protein Binding

80-88%

Half Life

6-8 hours

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula:

C20H24N2O2

SMILES Code:

COc1ccc2c(c1)c(ccn2)[C@@H]([C@@H]3CC4CCN3C[C@H]4C=C)O

(Format: OpenEye Isomeric)

Molecular Weight ( average / monoisotopic )

324.4168 / 324.1838

Curated Information

The following genes are in curated knowledge about this drug.

  Gene Relationship Evidence
Phenotype data available Genotype Data Available Literature annotations available Has annotations
ABCB1
  •   
  •   
  •   
  • FA
  •   
Publications
No phenotype data Genotype Data Available Literature annotations available Not annotated
ABCC8
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data Genotype Data Available Literature annotations available Not annotated
ABCC9
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data Genotype Data Available Literature annotations available Not annotated
ADRA1D
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data Genotype Data Available Literature annotations available Not annotated
ADRA2A
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
Phenotype data available Genotype Data Available Literature annotations available Has annotations
ADRB1
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
Phenotype data available Genotype Data Available Literature annotations available Has annotations
ADRB2
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data Genotype Data Available Literature annotations available Not annotated
ANK2
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
Phenotype data available No genotype data Literature annotations available Not annotated
ATP1A1
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data No genotype data Literature annotations available Not annotated
ATP2A1
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data No genotype data Literature annotations available Not annotated
ATP2A2
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data No genotype data Literature annotations available Not annotated
CACNA1C
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data Genotype Data Available Literature annotations available Not annotated
CACNA1D
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data No genotype data Literature annotations available Not annotated
CACNA1G
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data Genotype Data Available Literature annotations available Not annotated
CACNA1H
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data No genotype data No literature annotations Not annotated
CACNB2
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data No genotype data Literature annotations available Not annotated
CASQ1
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data No genotype data Literature annotations available Not annotated
CASQ2
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data Genotype Data Available Literature annotations available Not annotated
CHRM2
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
Phenotype data available Genotype Data Available Literature annotations available Has annotations
CYP2D6
  •   
  •   
  • PK
  • FA
  •   
Publications
No phenotype data No genotype data Literature annotations available Not annotated
DSP
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data No genotype data Literature annotations available Not annotated
FKBP1B
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data No genotype data Literature annotations available Not annotated
GJA1
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data No genotype data Literature annotations available Not annotated
GJA5
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data No genotype data Literature annotations available Not annotated
GJD3
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data No genotype data Literature annotations available Not annotated
HCN2
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data No genotype data Literature annotations available Not annotated
HCN4
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
Phenotype data available No genotype data Literature annotations available Not annotated
JUP
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
Phenotype data available Genotype Data Available Literature annotations available Not annotated
KCNA5
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data No genotype data Literature annotations available Not annotated
KCNAB2
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data Genotype Data Available Literature annotations available Not annotated
KCND3
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
Phenotype data available Genotype Data Available Literature annotations available Not annotated
KCNE1
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data Genotype Data Available No literature annotations Not annotated
KCNE1L
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
Phenotype data available Genotype Data Available Literature annotations available Not annotated
KCNE2
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data Genotype Data Available Literature annotations available Not annotated
KCNE3
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data Genotype Data Available Literature annotations available Not annotated
KCNE4
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
Phenotype data available Genotype Data Available Literature annotations available Has annotations
KCNH2
  • CO
  • PD
  •   
  • FA
  •   
Publications, Pathways
No phenotype data No genotype data Literature annotations available Not annotated
KCNIP2
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data Genotype Data Available Literature annotations available Has annotations
KCNJ11
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data No genotype data Literature annotations available Not annotated
KCNJ2
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data No genotype data Literature annotations available Not annotated
KCNJ3
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data No genotype data Literature annotations available Not annotated
KCNJ4
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data No genotype data Literature annotations available Not annotated
KCNJ5
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data No genotype data Literature annotations available Not annotated
KCNJ8
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data No genotype data Literature annotations available Not annotated
KCNK1
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data No genotype data Literature annotations available Not annotated
KCNK3
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
Phenotype data available Genotype Data Available Literature annotations available Not annotated
KCNQ1
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data No genotype data Literature annotations available Not annotated
LMNA
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data No genotype data Literature annotations available Not annotated
PLN
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data No genotype data Literature annotations available Not annotated
RYR2
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data Genotype Data Available Literature annotations available Not annotated
SCN1B
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data Genotype Data Available Literature annotations available Not annotated
SCN2B
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data Genotype Data Available Literature annotations available Not annotated
SCN3B
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data No genotype data Literature annotations available Not annotated
SCN4B
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
Phenotype data available Genotype Data Available Literature annotations available Has annotations
SCN5A
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data No genotype data Literature annotations available Not annotated
SLC6A12
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  • FA
  •   
Publications
No phenotype data No genotype data Literature annotations available Not annotated
SLC8A2
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways
No phenotype data No genotype data No literature annotations Not annotated
SLC8A3
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  •   
  •   
Pathways

Non-Curated Information

A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other genes is available.

Metabolizing Enzymes

Drug Targets

PharmGKB Curated Pathways

Curated Information

The following drugs are in curated knowledge about this drug.

  Drug Relationship Evidence
No phenotype data No genotype data Literature annotations available Not annotated
donepezil
  •   
  •   
  • PK
  •   
  •   
Publications
No phenotype data No genotype data Literature annotations available Not annotated
galantamine
  •   
  •   
  • PK
  •   
  •   
Publications
No phenotype data No genotype data Literature annotations available Not annotated
hydrocodone
  •   
  •   
  • PK
  • FA
  •   
Publications
Phenotype data available Genotype Data Available Literature annotations available Not annotated
warfarin
  •   
  •   
  •   
  •   
  •   
Publications

Non-Curated Information

A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other drugs is available.

Drug Interactions

acenocoumarol Quinine/quinidine increases the anticoagulant effect
amiloride Amiloride decreases the antiarrhythmic effect of quinidine
amiodarone Amiodarone increases the effect of quinidine
amitriptyline Quinidine increases the effect of the tricyclic agent
amobarbital The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of quinidine
anisindione Quinine/quinidine increases the anticoagulant effect
aprobarbital The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of quinidine
aripiprazole Quinidine increases the effect and toxicity of aripiprazole
atazanavir Increased risk of cardiotoxicity/arrhythmias
atomoxetine The CYP2D6 inhibitor could increase the effect and toxicity of atomoxetine
atracurium The quinine derivative increases the effect of the muscle relaxant
butabarbital The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of quinidine
butalbital The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of quinidine
butethal The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of quinidine
cimetidine Cimetidine increases the effect of quinidine
cisapride Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
clarithromycin Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
clomipramine Quinidine increases the effect of the tricyclic agent
codeine Quinidine decreases the analgesic effect of codeine
desipramine Quinidine increases the effect of the tricyclic agent
dextromethorphan Quinidine increases the toxicity of dextromethorphan
dicumarol Quinine/quinidine increases the anticoagulant effect
digitoxin Quinine/quinidine increases the effect of digoxin
digoxin Quinine/quinidine increases the effect of digoxin
dihydroquinidine barbiturate The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of quinidine
diltiazem Diltiazem increases the effect and toxicity of quinidine
donepezil Possible antagonism of action
doxepin Quinidine increases the effect of the tricyclic agent
erythromycin Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
fosphenytoin The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of quinidine
galantamine Possible antagonism of action
gallamine triethiodide The quinine derivative increases the effect of the muscle relaxant
gatifloxacin Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
grepafloxacin Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
heptabarbital The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of quinidine
hexobarbital The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of quinidine
imipramine Quinidine increases the effect of the tricyclic agent
itraconazole The imidazole increases the effect and toxicity of quinidine
ketoconazole The imidazole increases the effect and toxicity of quinidine
levofloxacin Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
magnesium The antacid increases the effect of quinidine
mesoridazine Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
methohexital The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of quinidine
methylphenobarbital The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of quinidine
metocurine The quinine derivative increases the effect of the muscle relaxant
moxifloxacin Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
nelfinavir Nelfinavir increases the effect and toxicity of quinidine
nifedipine Decreased quinidine effect, increased nifedipine effect
nortriptyline Quinidine increases the effect of the tricyclic agent
ofloxacin Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
pancuronium The quinine derivative increases the effect of the muscle relaxant
pentobarbital The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of quinidine
phenobarbital The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of quinidine
phenytoin The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of quinidine
posaconazole Contraindicated co-administration
primidone The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of quinidine
procainamide Quinidine increases the effect of procainamide
propafenone Quinidine increases the effect of propafenone
protriptyline Quinidine increases the effect of the tricyclic agent
quinidine barbiturate The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of quinidine
quinupristin This combination presents an increased risk of toxicity
ranolazine Possible additive effect on QT prolongation
rifampin Rifampin decreases the effect of quinidine
ritonavir Ritonavir increases the effect and toxicity of quinidine
rivastigmine Possible antagonism of action
salicylate-magnesium The antacid increases the effect of quinidine
secobarbital The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of quinidine
sodium bicarbonate The antacid increases the effect of quinidine
sparfloxacin Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
succinylcholine The quinine derivative increases the effect of the muscle relaxant
talbutal The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of quinidine
telithromycin Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
terfenadine Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
thioridazine Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
trimipramine Quinidine increases the effect of the tricyclic agent
vecuronium The quinine derivative increases the effect of the muscle relaxant
verapamil Verapamil increases the effect of quinidine
voriconazole Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
warfarin Quinine/quinidine increases the anticoagulant effect
ziprasidone Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias

Non-Curated Information

A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other diseases is available.

Curated Phenotype Datasets

These datasets are sorted alphabetically by title.

  1. Drug-Induced Long QT Intervals
    • Genotype data available
    • Phenotype data available
    • No literature annotations
    • Not annotated
    • PD
    Submitted by Dan Roden, MD involving ADRB1, ADRB2, KCNE1, KCNE2, KCNH2, KCNQ1, SCN5A, almokalant, amiodarone, amitriptyline, bretylium, bupivacaine, cisapride, disopyramide, dofetilide, encainide, fluconazole, haloperidol, hydroquinidine, isoflurane, itraconazole, ketoconazole, lithium, loratadine, metoclopramide, nortriptyline, procainamide, quinidine, sematilide, sotalol, sulfamethoxazole, thioridazine, trimethoprim, , Long QT Syndrome, Proarrhythmia and Torsades de Pointes
  2. KCNA5 variants in vitro
    • Genotype data available
    • Phenotype data available
    • No literature annotations
    • Not annotated
    • FA
    Submitted by Dan Roden, MD involving KCNA5, and quinidine
  3. SLC22A2 Functional Protein Variants
    • Genotype data available
    • Phenotype data available
    • No literature annotations
    • Not annotated
    • FA
    Submitted by Kathleen M. Giacomini, PhD involving SLC22A2, , cimetidine, metformin, MPP+, phenformin, procainamide and quinidine
  4. Xenopus expression of variant SLC22A2 proteins
    • Genotype data available
    • Phenotype data available
    • No literature annotations
    • Not annotated
    • FA
    Submitted by Kathleen M. Giacomini, PhD involving SLC22A2, , metformin, MPP+, phenformin, procainamide and quinidine

Additional Datasets

These datasets are minimally curated and are sorted alphabetically by title.

  1. Genetic Associations in Drug-induced QT Prolongation and Torsades
  2. Measured and Predicted Changes in QT Intervals During Atrial Fibrillation
  3. Physicochemical determinants of human renal clearance
  4. The Connectivity Map: using gene-expression signatures to connect small molecules, genes, and disease

Downloads

You must sign in before you can download data.

LinkOuts

Web Resource:
Wikipedia
DrugBank:
DB00908
KEGG Compound ID:
C06527
PubChem Compound ID:
441074
PubChem Substance ID:
8758

Common Searches

Search PubMed
Search Medline Plus
Search PubChem
Search CTD

Non-Curated Publications

A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug is available.

PharmGKB integrates drug information from different sources: DrugBank, Open Eye Scientific Software.
The PharmGKB is financially supported by the NIH/ NIGMS and is managed at Stanford University (U01GM61374).
©2001-2010 PharmGKB.