PharmGKB: The Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base

Drug/Small Molecule:
quinidine

2D structure

Overview

Generic Names: Quinidine Gluconate; Quinidine Sulfate
Trade Names: Apo-Quinidine; Biquin Durules; Cardioquin; Chinidin; Cin-Quin; Coccinine; Conchinin; Conchinine; Conquinine; Duraquin; Kinidin; Novoquinidin; Pitayin; Pitayine; Quin-Release; Quinact; Quinaglute; Quinaglute Dura-Tabs; Quinalan; Quinate; Quinatime; Quindine; Quinicardine; Quinidex; Quinidex Extentabs; Quinora
PharmGKB Accession Id: PA451209

Description

An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the Cinchona tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular action potential, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission. PubChem (source: Drug Bank)

Indication

For the treatment of ventricular pre-excitation and cardiac dysrhythmias (source: Drug Bank)

ATC Therapeutic Category

  • C01BA:Antiarrhythmics, class Ia

Pharmacology, Interactions, and Contraindications

Mechanism Of Action

Quinidine acts on sodium channels on the neuronal cell membrane, limiting the spread of seizure activity and reducing seizure propagation. The antiarrhythmic actions are mediated through effects on sodium channels in Purkinje fibers. (source: Drug Bank)

Pharmacology

Quinidine, a hydantoin anticonvulsant, is used alone or with phenobarbital or other anticonvulsants to manage tonic-clonic seizures, psychomotor seizures, neuropathic pain syndromes including diabetic neuropathy, digitalis-induced cardiac arrhythmias, and cardiac arrhythmias associated with QT-interval prolongation. (source: Drug Bank)

Food Interactions

Preferably take on an ampty stomach. (source: Drug Bank)

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination & Toxicity

Protein Binding

80-88% (source: Drug Bank)

Isomeric SMILES Code:

COc1ccc2c(c1)c(ccn2)[C@@H]([C@@H]3CC4CCN3C[C@H]4C=C)O (source: Drug Bank)

The following genes are in curated knowledge about this drug.

  Gene Relationship Evidence
Phenotype data available Genotype Data Available Literature annotations available Has annotations
ABCB1
  •   
  •   
  • PK
  • FA
  •   
Publications
Phenotype data available Genotype Data Available Literature annotations available Has annotations
CYP2D6
  •   
  •   
  • PK
  • FA
  •   
Publications
Phenotype data available Genotype Data Available Literature annotations available Has annotations
CYP3A4
  •   
  •   
  •   
  • FA
  •   
Publications
Phenotype data available Genotype Data Available Literature annotations available Has annotations
KCNH2
  • CO
  • PD
  •   
  • FA
  •   
Publications
No phenotype data No genotype data Literature annotations available Not annotated
SLC6A12
  •   
  • PD
  •   
  • FA
  •   
Publications

A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other genes is available.

Drug Targets

Gene Description
ABCB1 Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)
ORM1 Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)
KCNK1 Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)
KCNK6 Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)
KCNH2 Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)
SCN5A Uncurated Annotation (source: Drug Bank)

PharmGKB Curated Pathways

The following drugs are in curated knowledge about this drug.

  Drug Relationship Evidence
No phenotype data No genotype data Literature annotations available Not annotated
donepezil
  •   
  •   
  • PK
  •   
  •   
Publications
No phenotype data No genotype data Literature annotations available Not annotated
galantamine
  •   
  •   
  • PK
  •   
  •   
Publications
No phenotype data No genotype data Literature annotations available Not annotated
hydrocodone
  •   
  •   
  • PK
  • FA
  •   
Publications
Phenotype data available Genotype Data Available Literature annotations available Not annotated
tamoxifen
  •   
  •   
  •   
  •   
  •   
Publications
Phenotype data available Genotype Data Available Literature annotations available Not annotated
warfarin
  •   
  •   
  •   
  •   
  •   
Publications

A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other drugs is available.

Drug Interactions

Drug Description
acenocoumarol Uncurated Annotation Quinine/quinidine increases the anticoagulant effect (source: Drug Bank)
amiloride Uncurated Annotation Amiloride decreases the antiarrhythmic effect of quinidine (source: Drug Bank)
amiodarone Uncurated Annotation Amiodarone increases the effect of quinidine (source: Drug Bank)
amitriptyline Uncurated Annotation Quinidine increases the effect of the tricyclic agent (source: Drug Bank)
amobarbital Uncurated Annotation The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of quinidine (source: Drug Bank)
anisindione Uncurated Annotation Quinine/quinidine increases the anticoagulant effect (source: Drug Bank)
aprobarbital Uncurated Annotation The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of quinidine (source: Drug Bank)
aripiprazole Uncurated Annotation Quinidine increases the effect and toxicity of aripiprazole (source: Drug Bank)
atazanavir Uncurated Annotation Increased risk of cardiotoxicity/arrhythmias (source: Drug Bank)
atomoxetine Uncurated Annotation The CYP2D6 inhibitor could increase the effect and toxicity of atomoxetine (source: Drug Bank)
atracurium Uncurated Annotation The quinine derivative increases the effect of the muscle relaxant (source: Drug Bank)
butabarbital Uncurated Annotation The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of quinidine (source: Drug Bank)
butalbital Uncurated Annotation The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of quinidine (source: Drug Bank)
butethal Uncurated Annotation The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of quinidine (source: Drug Bank)
cimetidine Uncurated Annotation Cimetidine increases the effect of quinidine (source: Drug Bank)
cisapride Uncurated Annotation Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias (source: Drug Bank)
clarithromycin Uncurated Annotation Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias (source: Drug Bank)
clomipramine Uncurated Annotation Quinidine increases the effect of the tricyclic agent (source: Drug Bank)
codeine Uncurated Annotation Quinidine decreases the analgesic effect of codeine (source: Drug Bank)
desipramine Uncurated Annotation Quinidine increases the effect of the tricyclic agent (source: Drug Bank)
dextromethorphan Uncurated Annotation Quinidine increases the toxicity of dextromethorphan (source: Drug Bank)
dicumarol Uncurated Annotation Quinine/quinidine increases the anticoagulant effect (source: Drug Bank)
digitoxin Uncurated Annotation Quinine/quinidine increases the effect of digoxin (source: Drug Bank)
digoxin Uncurated Annotation Quinine/quinidine increases the effect of digoxin (source: Drug Bank)
diltiazem Uncurated Annotation Diltiazem increases the effect and toxicity of quinidine (source: Drug Bank)
donepezil Uncurated Annotation Possible antagonism of action (source: Drug Bank)
doxepin Uncurated Annotation Quinidine increases the effect of the tricyclic agent (source: Drug Bank)
erythromycin Uncurated Annotation Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias (source: Drug Bank)
fosphenytoin Uncurated Annotation The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of quinidine (source: Drug Bank)
galantamine Uncurated Annotation Possible antagonism of action (source: Drug Bank)
gallamine triethiodide Uncurated Annotation The quinine derivative increases the effect of the muscle relaxant (source: Drug Bank)
gatifloxacin Uncurated Annotation Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias (source: Drug Bank)
grepafloxacin Uncurated Annotation Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias (source: Drug Bank)
heptabarbital Uncurated Annotation The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of quinidine (source: Drug Bank)
hexobarbital Uncurated Annotation The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of quinidine (source: Drug Bank)
imipramine Uncurated Annotation Quinidine increases the effect of the tricyclic agent (source: Drug Bank)
itraconazole Uncurated Annotation The imidazole increases the effect and toxicity of quinidine (source: Drug Bank)
ketoconazole Uncurated Annotation The imidazole increases the effect and toxicity of quinidine (source: Drug Bank)
levofloxacin Uncurated Annotation Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias (source: Drug Bank)
magnesium Uncurated Annotation The antacid increases the effect of quinidine (source: Drug Bank)
mesoridazine Uncurated Annotation Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias (source: Drug Bank)
methohexital Uncurated Annotation The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of quinidine (source: Drug Bank)
methylphenobarbital Uncurated Annotation The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of quinidine (source: Drug Bank)
metocurine Uncurated Annotation The quinine derivative increases the effect of the muscle relaxant (source: Drug Bank)
moxifloxacin Uncurated Annotation Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias (source: Drug Bank)
nelfinavir Uncurated Annotation Nelfinavir increases the effect and toxicity of quinidine (source: Drug Bank)
nifedipine Uncurated Annotation Decreased quinidine effect, increased nifedipine effect (source: Drug Bank)
nortriptyline Uncurated Annotation Quinidine increases the effect of the tricyclic agent (source: Drug Bank)
ofloxacin Uncurated Annotation Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias (source: Drug Bank)
pancuronium Uncurated Annotation The quinine derivative increases the effect of the muscle relaxant (source: Drug Bank)
pentobarbital Uncurated Annotation The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of quinidine (source: Drug Bank)
phenobarbital Uncurated Annotation The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of quinidine (source: Drug Bank)
phenytoin Uncurated Annotation The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of quinidine (source: Drug Bank)
posaconazole Uncurated Annotation Contraindicated co-administration (source: Drug Bank)
primidone Uncurated Annotation The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of quinidine (source: Drug Bank)
procainamide Uncurated Annotation Quinidine increases the effect of procainamide (source: Drug Bank)
propafenone Uncurated Annotation Quinidine increases the effect of propafenone (source: Drug Bank)
protriptyline Uncurated Annotation Quinidine increases the effect of the tricyclic agent (source: Drug Bank)
quinidine Uncurated Annotation The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of quinidine (source: Drug Bank)
quinupristin Uncurated Annotation This combination presents an increased risk of toxicity (source: Drug Bank)
ranolazine Uncurated Annotation Possible additive effect on QT prolongation (source: Drug Bank)
rifampin Uncurated Annotation Rifampin decreases the effect of quinidine (source: Drug Bank)
ritonavir Uncurated Annotation Ritonavir increases the effect and toxicity of quinidine (source: Drug Bank)
rivastigmine Uncurated Annotation Possible antagonism of action (source: Drug Bank)
salicylate-magnesium Uncurated Annotation The antacid increases the effect of quinidine (source: Drug Bank)
secobarbital Uncurated Annotation The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of quinidine (source: Drug Bank)
sodium Uncurated Annotation The antacid increases the effect of quinidine (source: Drug Bank)
sodium bicarbonate Uncurated Annotation The antacid increases the effect of quinidine (source: Drug Bank)
sparfloxacin Uncurated Annotation Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias (source: Drug Bank)
succinylcholine Uncurated Annotation The quinine derivative increases the effect of the muscle relaxant (source: Drug Bank)
talbutal Uncurated Annotation The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of quinidine (source: Drug Bank)
telithromycin Uncurated Annotation Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias (source: Drug Bank)
terfenadine Uncurated Annotation Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias (source: Drug Bank)
thioridazine Uncurated Annotation Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias (source: Drug Bank)
trimipramine Uncurated Annotation Quinidine increases the effect of the tricyclic agent (source: Drug Bank)
vecuronium Uncurated Annotation The quinine derivative increases the effect of the muscle relaxant (source: Drug Bank)
verapamil Uncurated Annotation Verapamil increases the effect of quinidine (source: Drug Bank)
voriconazole Uncurated Annotation Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias (source: Drug Bank)
warfarin Uncurated Annotation Quinine/quinidine increases the anticoagulant effect (source: Drug Bank)
ziprasidone Uncurated Annotation Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias (source: Drug Bank)

Non-Curated Information

A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug along with other diseases is available.

Curated Phenotype Datasets

These datasets are sorted alphabetically by title.

  1. Drug-Induced Long QT Intervals
    • Genotype data available
    • Phenotype data available
    • No literature annotations
    • Not annotated
    • PD
    Submitted by Dan Roden, MD involving ADRB1, ADRB2, KCNE1, KCNE2, KCNH2, KCNQ1, SCN5A, almokalant, amiodarone, amitriptyline, bretylium, bupivacaine, cisapride, disopyramide, dofetilide, encainide, fluconazole, haloperidol, hydroquinidine, isoflurane, itraconazole, ketoconazole, lithium, loratadine, metoclopramide, nortriptyline, procainamide, quinidine, sematilide, sotalol, sulfamethoxazole, thioridazine, trimethoprim, , Long QT Syndrome, Proarrhythmia and Torsades de Pointes
  2. KCNA5 variants in vitro
    • Genotype data available
    • Phenotype data available
    • No literature annotations
    • Not annotated
    • FA
    Submitted by Dan Roden, MD involving KCNA5, and quinidine
  3. SLC22A2 Functional Protein Variants
    • Genotype data available
    • Phenotype data available
    • No literature annotations
    • Not annotated
    • FA
    Submitted by Kathleen M. Giacomini, PhD involving SLC22A2, , cimetidine, metformin, MPP+, phenformin, procainamide and quinidine
  4. Xenopus expression of variant SLC22A2 proteins
    • Genotype data available
    • Phenotype data available
    • No literature annotations
    • Not annotated
    • FA
    Submitted by Kathleen M. Giacomini, PhD involving SLC22A2, , metformin, MPP+, phenformin, procainamide and quinidine

Additional Datasets

These datasets are minimally curated and are sorted alphabetically by title.

  1. Genetic Associations in Drug-induced QT Prolongation and Torsades
  2. Measured and Predicted Changes in QT Intervals During Atrial Fibrillation
  3. OCTN1 Phenotype
  4. Physicochemical determinants of human renal clearance
  5. The Connectivity Map: using gene-expression signatures to connect small molecules, genes, and disease

Downloads

You must sign in before you can download data.

LinkOuts

Web Resource:
Wikipedia
DrugBank:
DB00908
KEGG Compound ID:
C06527
PubChem Compound ID:
441074
PubChem Substance ID:
8758
IUPHAR Ligand ID:
2342

Common Searches

Search PubMed
Search Medline Plus
Search PubChem
Search CTD

Non-Curated Publications

A list of non-curated publications that mention this drug is available.

PharmGKB integrates drug information from different sources: DrugBank, Open Eye Scientific Software.
Add New Alternate Name
Add New ATC Term
Add Cross Reference
Add a metabolite
Add a text annotation
Add a drug target
hint: enter a gene
    Add a drug interaction
    hint: enter a drug
    PharmGKB® is a registered trademark of HHS and is financially supported by NIH/NIGMS. It is managed at Stanford University (GM61374).
    ©2001-2010 PharmGKB.